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is absorbed into the blood.

Skin. The continuous outer covering of the body, in the deeper layer (der'ma) of which are located the sweat glands, which secrete sweat (a watery, oily substance containing impurities from the blood) and excrete it through the sweat ducts and their openings (pores) in the surface of the skin.

Tra'che a (or trā chē' ȧ). The windpipe between the larynx and the bronchi.

U'ri na ry system. The organs concerned in the secretion and discharge of urine: the kid'neys (two glands in the abdominal cavity, back of the peritoneum, which receive wastes from the blood, and excrete them as urine), the u re'ters (ducts through which the urine flows from the kidneys to the bladder), the blad'der (an elastic muscle-sac in which the urine is retained until discharged from the body).

VI. Relating to the Nervous and Motor Systems

Brain. The soft mass of nerve tissue filling the upper cavity of the skull. Its cellular tissue is gray, and its fibrous tissue white. With the spinal cord it controls all the sensory and motor activities of the body.

Cer e bel'lum. The part of the brain lying below the hind part of the cerebrum.

Cer'e brum. The upper or fore part of the brain; it is divided by a deep fissure into two hemispheres, its cor'tex (surface) lies in many con vo lu'tions (folds), and its fibres run down into the spinal cord. In this part of the brain are the centres, or controlling nerve cells, of the senses and most of our conscious activities.

Gang'li a (găng'lĭ ȧ). (Plural of ganglion). Nerve knots, or groupings of nerve cells, forming an enlargement in the course of a nerve.

Me dul'la. A portion of the brain forming an enlargement at the top of the spinal cord and being continuous with it; the channel between the brain and the other parts of the nervous system.

Muscle (mus'l). A kind of animal tissue that consists of fibres that have the power of contracting when properly stimulated. A bundle of muscle fibres, called a muscle, is usually attached to the part to be moved by a ten'don, or sinew. Muscles causing bones to bend are termed flex'ors; those causing them to straighten, ex ten'sors. The movements of muscles may be voluntary (controlled by the will), or involuntary (made without conscious exercise of the will).

Nerve. A fibre of nerve tissue, or a bundle of such fibres, connecting nerve ganglia with each other or with some terminal nerve organ. Nerves running inward toward the spinal cord and the brain are called sen'so ry nerves; those from the brain and spinal cord outward, mo'tor nerves.

Nerv'ous system. The nerve centres with the sensory and motor nerves and the organs of sense.

Neu'rons. The cells of the spinal cord and the brain.

Re'flex. A simple action of the nervous system, in which a stimulus is carried along sensory nerves to a nerve centre, and from which an answering stimulus is sent along motor nerves to call into play the activity of some organ, without consciousness, or without direct effort of the will.

Spi'nal cord. The soft nerve tissue that extends from the medulla almost to the end of the spinal column, being encased by it. It controls most of the reflex actions of the body.

Stim'u lus. Anything that starts an activity in the tissues on which it acts; for example, light is a stimulus to the nerve tissues of the eye.

INDEX
Abdomen, 204. Accommodation, 264. Acetanilid, 237 note. Acid, as an antidote, 325; butyric, 53; carbonic, 11; explained, 11; in changing starch, 41; in leavening, 44, 45; in fruits, 57, 58, 59; in starch-sugars, 283; in digestive juices, 11 note; in mouth, 283, 285; lactic, 43. "Adam's apple," 272. Adenoids, 253, 256, 257, 274. Ague. See Malaria. Air, circulation of free, 140, 149; composition of, 132; indoor currents of, 148-150; per person, 142; pure and impure, 139-146. Alcohol, a medicine, 96, 100; an antiseptic, 318, 319, 324; a narcotic, 90, 98, 99; a toxin, 94; decreasing use of, 101-103; effect of, on character, 101; in beverages, 94, 95; in patent medicines, 237; not a food, 90, 96; physical effects of, 97-100, 122-124, 166, 197, 199, 201, 239; source of, 93, 95. Aldehydes, 94. Ale, 94. Alimentary canal, 8, 9; digestion in, 9-19; See also Gullet, Intestine. Alkali, as an antidote, 325; as medicine, 14, 15; explained, 11; digestive juices, 11 note; in leavening, 44, 45; in meat, 283; in soap, 186. Alveoli, 135. Ameba, white corpuscles compared to, 109, 110. Amherst, experiments with smokers at, 107. Ammonia from decay, 74, 308. Animals and plants contrasted, 5-7. Anopheles, 302. Antidotes. See Poisoning. Antipyrin, 237 note. Antiseptics, use of, 317-320. Antitoxins, 293-296. Anvil, 267. Aorta, 112, 113, 115, 118, 119, 200. Apex of heart, 117. Apoplexy, 123. Appendicitis, 20. Appendix vermiformis, 20. Appetite, from exercise, 208; juice, 9. Appetites, explained, 21. Apples, fermented, 94; food value of, 58; fuel value of, 26. Aqueduct, 85. Arrack, 96. Arteries, bleeding from, 320-322; defined, 108, 109; function of, 17; position of, 113; red blood in, 111; stiffening of, 123; also, 112, 196, 200. Artery, pulmonary, 118; radial, 118. Articulation, of bones, 212; of sounds, 276. Artois, wells of, 82. Astigmatism, 263. Athletics, 175, 176, 242. Atropin, 265 note. Auricle, 116, 117, 118.   Bacilli, cultivation of, 293; explained, 152-154, 286; method of naming, 286; multiplication of, 288. See also Bacteria and Germs. Backache, 204. Backbone. See Spinal column. Bacon, fuel value of, 52, 54, 55. Bacteria, explained, 17; harmless, 152; in feces, 19; in food, 22; in milk, 33-38; in small intestine, 17; of disease, 152, 286; of soil, 74, 76, 78, 79, 83, 86, 308; of yeast, 43; See also Bacilli and Germs. Bakeries, 45, 46. Baking-powders, 44, 45. Banana, 58, 59. Barley, in making beer and ale, 94. Bathing, need of, 184; preventive of colds, 155; right and wrong, 184-186. Beans, 32. Beef-tea, 26, 31. Beer, 89. See also Alcohol. Beets, 26, 59. Berries, 58, 59. Beverages, 89-93. See also Alcohol. Biceps, 203, 206. Bile, 11 note, 16, 17, 198, 199; duct, 197, 199. Biliousness, 23, 197. "Black bread," 48. "Black Death," 288. Bladder, 200. See also Gall bladder. Bleeding. See Wounds. Blood, alkaline quality of, 11 note; anemic, 173, 192; arterial, 111; circulation of, 110-113, 118, 119; color of, 109, 111, 112, 173, 174; composition of, 109, 110; heat, 175; impure, 198; poisoning, 295, 315, 319; purifying of, 196; result of food, 18. Blood vessels, 108, 109. See also Arteries, Capillaries, Veins. Board of Health, and infections, 286, 291; control of water supply, 77, 81, 88; examination, 105; milk inspection, 34, 38, 39, 78. Boils, 295, 320. Bolus, 9. Bones, composition and growth of; 210, 211; disorders of, 229, 230, 234, 235; fractures of, 323; kinds of, 212-214; number of, 211; structure of, 215; tuberculosis of, 157. Bowel. See Intestine. Brain, 216-220; development of, 167. Brandy, 94, 95. Bread, baking, 43, 44; crust of, 44; fuel value of, 58; kinds and values of, 42, 46, 48; leavening, 42-46; souring of, 43,44. Breakfast foods, 47. Breathing, control of, 226; need of continuous, 130; operation of, 138; rate of, 142; variations in, 137, 138. Bright's Disease, 201. Bronchi, 135. Bronchial tubes, 135. Bruises, 319. Brushes, hair, 193-194; nail, 189; skin, 188. Bubonic plague, 288. Burns, 322, 323. Butter, 51, 52-54.   Cabbage, 26, 58, 60. Caffein, 91. Callus, 194, 195,
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