The 2008 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency (popular romance novels .TXT) 📗

20521-2550 telephone: [244] (222) 64-1000 FAX: [244] (222) 64-1232

Flag description:

two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle)

Economy
Angola

Economy - overview:

Angola's high growth rate is driven by its oil sector, with record oil prices and rising petroleum production. Oil production and its supporting activities contribute about 85% of GDP. Increased oil production supported growth averaging more than 15% per year from 2004 to 2007. A postwar reconstruction boom and resettlement of displaced persons has led to high rates of growth in construction and agriculture as well. Much of the country's infrastructure is still damaged or undeveloped from the 27-year-long civil war. Remnants of the conflict such as widespread land mines still mar the countryside even though an apparently durable peace was established after the death of rebel leader Jonas SAVIMBI in February 2002. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for most of the people, but half of the country's food must still be imported. In 2005, the government started using a $2 billion line of credit, since increased to $7 billion, from China to rebuild Angola's public infrastructure, and several large-scale projects were completed in 2006. Angola also has large credit lines from Brazil, Portugal, Germany, Spain, and the EU. The central bank in 2003 implemented an exchange rate stabilization program using foreign exchange reserves to buy kwanzas out of circulation. This policy became more sustainable in 2005 because of strong oil export earnings; it has significantly reduced inflation. Although consumer inflation declined from 325% in 2000 to under 13% in 2007, the stabilization policy has put pressure on international net liquidity. Angola became a member of OPEC in late 2006 and in late 2007 was assigned a production quota of 1.9 million barrels a day, somewhat less than the 2-2.5 million bbl Angola's government had wanted. To fully take advantage of its rich national resources - gold, diamonds, extensive forests, Atlantic fisheries, and large oil deposits - Angola will need to implement government reforms, increase transparency, and reduce corruption. The government has rejected a formal IMF monitored program, although it continues Article IV consultations and ad hoc cooperation. Corruption, especially in the extractive sectors, and the negative effects of large inflows of foreign exchange, are major challenges facing Angola.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$95.46 billion (2007 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate):

$61.36 billion (2007 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

16.7% (2007 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

$7,800 (2007 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 9.5% industry: 65.8% services: 24.6% (2007 est.)

Labor force:

7.148 million (2007 est.)

Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture: 85% industry and services: 15% (2003 est.)

Unemployment rate:

extensive unemployment and underemployment affecting more than half the population (2001 est.)

Population below poverty line:

70% (2003 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Investment (gross fixed):

9.1% of GDP (2007 est.)

Budget:

revenues: $20.18 billion expenditures: $15.53 billion (2007 est.)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

Public debt:

12% of GDP (2007 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

12.2% (2007 est.)

Central bank discount rate:

19.57% (31 December 2007)

Commercial bank prime lending rate:

17.7% (31 December 2007)

Stock of money:

$4.153 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of quasi money:

$7.216 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of domestic credit:

$1.385 billion (31 December 2007)

Agriculture - products:

bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, manioc (tapioca), tobacco, vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish

Industries:

petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship repair

Industrial production growth rate:

23.9% (2007 est.)

Electricity - production:

3.513 billion kWh (2006 est.)

Electricity - consumption:

3.084 billion kWh (2006 est.)

Electricity - exports:

0 kWh (2007 est.)

Electricity - imports:

0 kWh (2007 est.)

Electricity - production by source:

fossil fuel: 36.4% hydro: 63.6% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)

Oil - production:

1.91 million bbl/day (2008 est.)

Oil - consumption:

55,640 bbl/day (2006 est.)

Oil - exports:

1.23 million bbl/day (2005)

Oil - imports:

19,550 bbl/day (2005)

Oil - proved reserves:

9.035 billion bbl (1 January 2008 est.)

Natural gas - production:

680 million cu m (2006 est.)

Natural gas - consumption:

680 million cu m (2006 est.)

Natural gas - exports:

0 cu m (2007 est.)

Natural gas - imports:

0 cu m (2007 est.)

Natural gas - proved reserves:

269.8 billion cu m (1 January 2008 est.)

Current account balance:

$13.58 billion (2007 est.)

Exports:

$45.03 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Exports - commodities:

crude oil, diamonds, refined petroleum products, gas, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton

Exports - partners:

US 32.1%, China 32%, France 5.9%, Taiwan 5.3%, South Africa 4.5% (2007)

Imports:

$12.29 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)

Imports - commodities:

machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods

Imports - partners:

Portugal 19.7%, US 10.9%, China 10.5%, Brazil 10.3%, South Africa 6.6%, France 6.3%, UK 4.6%, Germany 4.3% (2007)

Economic aid - recipient:

$441.8 million (2005)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$11.2 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Debt - external:

$8.357 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:

$17.23 billion (2007 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:

$227 million (2006 est.)

Currency (code):

kwanza (AOA)

Currency code:

AOA

Exchange rates:

kwanza (AOA) per US dollar - 76.6 (2007), 80.4 (2006), 88.6 (2005), 83.541 (2004), 74.606 (2003)

Communications
Angola

Telephones - main lines in use:

98,200 (2006)

Telephones - mobile cellular:

3.307 million (2007)

Telephone system:

general assessment: system inadequate; fewer than one fixed-line per 100 persons; combined fixed line and mobile telephone density exceeded 25 telephones per 100 persons in 2007 domestic: state-owned telecom had monopoly for fixed-lines until 2005; demand outstripped capacity, prices were high, and services poor; Telecom Namibia, through an Angolan company, became the first private licensed operator in Angola's fixed-line telephone network; Angola Telecom established mobile-cellular service in Luanda in 1993 and the network has been extended to larger towns; a privately-owned, mobile-cellular service provider began operations in 2001 international: country code - 244; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 29 (2007)

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 21, FM 6, shortwave 7 (2001)

Radios:

815,000 (2000)

Television broadcast stations:

6 (2000)

Televisions:

196,000 (2000)

Internet country code:

.ao

Internet hosts:

3,562 (2008)

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

1 (2000)

Internet users:

100,000 (2007)

Transportation
Angola

Airports:

232 (2007)

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 31 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 12 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 1 (2007)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 201 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 30 914 to 1,523 m: 95 under 914 m: 69 (2007)

Pipelines:

gas 234 km; liquid petroleum gas 85 km; oil 896 km; oil/gas/water 5 km (2007)

Railways:

total: 2,761 km narrow gauge: 2,638 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2006)

Roadways:

total: 51,429 km paved: 5,349 km unpaved: 46,080 km (2001)

Waterways:

1,300 km (2007)

Merchant marine:

total: 6 by type: cargo 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1 foreign-owned: 1 (Spain 1) registered in other countries: 6 (Bahamas 6) (2008)

Ports and terminals:

Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Namibe

Military
Angola

Military branches:

Angolan Armed Forces (FAA): Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra, MdG),
Angolan National Air Force (FANA) (2007)

Military service age and obligation:

17 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years plus time for training (2001)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16-49: 2,856,492 females age 16-49: 2,755,864 (2008 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16-49: 1,430,658 females age 16-49: 1,371,689 (2008 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

male: 142,791 female: 139,539 (2008 est.)

Military expenditures:

5.7% of GDP (2006)

Transnational Issues
Angola

Disputes - international:

Cabindan separatists continue to return to the Angolan exclave from exile in neighboring states and Europe since the 2006 ceasefire and peace agreement

Refugees and internally displaced persons:

refugees (country of origin): 12,615 (Democratic Republic of Congo) IDPs: 61,700 (27-year civil war ending in 2002; 4 million IDPs already have returned) (2007)

Illicit drugs:

used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe and other African states, particularly South Africa

This page was last updated on 18 December, 2008

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@Anguilla

Introduction
Anguilla

Background:

Colonized by English settlers from Saint Kitts in 1650, Anguilla was administered by Great Britain until the early 19th century, when the island - against the wishes of the inhabitants - was incorporated into a single British dependency, along with Saint Kitts and Nevis. Several attempts at separation failed. In 1971, two years after a revolt, Anguilla was finally allowed to secede; this arrangement was formally recognized in 1980, with Anguilla becoming a separate British dependency.

Geography
Anguilla

Location:

Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic
Ocean, east of Puerto Rico

Geographic coordinates:

18 15 N, 63 10 W

Map references:

Central America and the Caribbean

Area:

total: 102 sq km land: 102 sq km water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative:

about half the size of Washington, DC

Land boundaries:

0 km

Coastline:

61 km

Maritime claims:

territorial sea: 3 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Climate:

tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds

Terrain:

flat and low-lying island of coral and limestone

Elevation extremes:

lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Crocus Hill 65 m

Natural resources:

salt, fish, lobster

Land use:

arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (mostly rock with sparse scrub oak, few trees, some commercial salt ponds) (2005)

Irrigated land:

NA

Natural hazards:

frequent hurricanes and other tropical storms (July to October)

Environment - current issues:

supplies of potable water sometimes cannot meet increasing demand largely because of poor distribution system

Geography - note:

the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles

People
Anguilla

Population:

14,108 (July 2008 est.)

Age structure:

0-14 years: 24.8% (male 1,795/female 1,706) 15-64 years: 67.6% (male 4,569/female 4,970) 65 years and over: 7.6% (male 510/female 558) (2008 est.)

Median age:

total: 32.3 years male: 31.3 years female: 33.4 years (2008 est.)

Population growth rate:

2.332% (2008 est.)

Birth rate:

13.11 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Death rate:

4.39 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Net migration rate:

14.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2008 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

total: 3.54 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.01 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population: 80.53 years male: 78.01 years female: 83.12 years (2008 est.)

Total fertility rate:

1.75 children born/woman (2008 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

NA

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths:

NA

Nationality:

noun: Anguillan(s) adjective: Anguillan

Ethnic groups:

black (predominant) 90.1%, mixed, mulatto 4.6%, white 3.7%, other 1.5% (2001 census)

Religions:

Anglican 29%, Methodist 23.9%, other Protestant 30.2%, Roman Catholic 5.7%, other