Fateful Lightning: A New History of the Civil War & Reconstruction by Allen Guelzo (icecream ebook reader txt) 📗

Dissenters in the Civil War and Reconstruction (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2003) do likewise for the scalawags. The Southern opposition to Reconstruction has also had its students and its books, especially Nicholas Lemann in Redemption: The Last Battle of the Civil War (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2009) and Michael Perman in Reunion Without Compromise: The South and Reconstruction, 1865–1868 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973) and The Road to Redemption: Southern Politics, 1869–1879 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1984), where Perman (as opposed to C. Vann Woodward) stresses the continuities between the prewar planter class and the agrarian-based opposition to Reconstruction. Individual leaders of Southern resistance have earned biographical attention from Edward G. Longacre in Gentleman and Soldier: A Biography of Wade Hampton III (Nashville, TN: Rutledge Hill Press, 2009) and Ralph Lowell Eckert in John Brown Gordon: Soldier, Southerner, American (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1989). Racial violence in Southern resistance to Reconstruction is handled in George C. Rable, But There Was No Peace: The Role of Violence in the Politics of Reconstruction (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1984) and LeeAnna Keith, The Colfax Massacre: The Untold Story of Black Power, White Terror, and the Death of Reconstruction (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008).

The various roles carved out by the freedpeople in the Reconstruction South are examined in Leon Litwack, Been in the Storm So Long: The Aftermath of Slavery (New York: Knopf, 1979), Thomas Holt, Black over White: Negro Political Leadership in South Carolina During Reconstruction (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1977), and Joel Williamson, After Slavery: The Negro in South Carolina During Reconstruction, 1861–1877 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1965).

INDEX

Abaco Reef, Bahamas, 280

abolition of slavery, 42–48, 158, 174, 177, 235, 379, 384–85, 452, 453, 471, 524

and colonization, 50, 181–82, 375

and West Indian emancipation, 174

Adams, Charles Francis, 285, 287, 294, 298

Adams, Henry, 287, 289, 522, 530

Adams, John Quincy, 18, 284, 522

African Americans, 158, 172, 185, 232–33, 235, 236, 244, 245, 265, 356, 371, 374, 375–86, 395, 398, 400–401, 486–87, 489–90, 492–93, 494, 503–4, 505, 507, 509, 524, 526–27, 531

and “black laws,” 386

and civil rights, 382–86

and “contrabands,” 176, 440

and “Hannibal Guards,” 183

“Jim Crow” laws, 511

Aiken, Warren, 363

Alabama, 129, 130, 131, 190, 195, 308, 318, 319, 326, 346, 353, 357, 363, 396, 421, 490, 497, 516

and Winston County, 367

Alamo, the, 60

Albany, New York, 459

Alcott, Louisa May, 393, 395, 402

Alexander, E. Porter, 469

Alexandria, Louisiana, 243

Alton, Illinois, 49

Amelia Court House, Virginia, 476–77

American Anti-slavery Society, 47, 48, 50, 140

American Equal Rights Association, 403

American Freedmen’s Inquiry Commission, 398, 535

American Revolution, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 16, 23, 24, 42, 43, 44, 45, 49, 53, 59, 147, 164, 165, 187, 268, 289, 390

and “Ethiopian Regiment,” 43

Ames, Adelbert, 506–7, 513

Ammen, Jacob, 246

Anderson, Robert, 135–37, 140, 481

Andrew, John, 316, 419, 420

Andrews, Fanny, 33

Annapolis, Maryland, 144

Anthony, Susan B., 403, 404

Antietam, battle of (1862), 170, 179, 270, 276, 295, 299, 328, 338, 339, 365, 397

Appalachian Mountains, 203

Appomattox Court House, Virginia, 478–79, 480, 488, 524, 527, 532

Appomattox River, 434, 435, 476

Appomattox Station, Virginia, 478

Arapaho (tribe), 388

aristocracy, 233–34, 290, 372, 534

Arkansas, 131, 146, 346, 368, 382, 455, 491, 492, 510

Army of Northern Virginia (C.S.), 259, 291, 327, 329, 333, 334, 335, 340, 345, 346, 367, 371, 412, 415, 423–26, 428–29, 431, 434, 442, 468–69, 470, 475, 476, 479–80

and desertion from, 469, 477

and Stonewall Brigade, 238, 256, 544

Army of the Cumberland (U.S.), 347, 348, 351, 353, 354, 365, 415, 421, 424, 440

and 14th Corps, 440

and 20th Corps, 440

Army of the James (U.S.), 426

Army of the Ohio (U.S.), 440

and 4th Corps, 440

and 23rd Corps, 440

Army of the Potomac (U.S.), 156, 159, 164, 168, 185, 259, 263, 265, 266, 268, 271, 315, 327, 329, 330, 331, 334, 342, 343–44, 355, 402, 475, 476, 479

and 2nd Corps, 331, 429, 430, 431, 432

and 3rd Corps, 534

and 5th Corps, 332, 343, 429, 476, 477, 514

and 6th Corps, 429, 431, 432, 448

and 9th Corps, 429

and 11th Corps, 333, 343

and 12th Corps, 332

and 24th Corps, 477

and 25th Corps, 477

and Irish Brigade, 263

and Philadelphia Brigade, 263

Army of Tennessee (C.S.), 346, 348, 349, 351, 355, 356, 370, 425, 440, 441, 442, 443, 470

Army of the Tennessee (U.S.), 398, 424, 445

and 16th Corps, 440

and 17th Corps, 440

and Society of the (veterans’ organization), 532

Army of Virginia (U.S.) 168, 170, 314, 342

army organization

brigade, 263

corps, 263–64

division, 263

infantry, 249–56

regiments, 262–63

See also artillery; cavalry; Volunteers

Arnold, Isaac Newton, 173

Articles of Confederation, 6–7

artillery, 249, 256–58, 441, 479

and canister, 258

1st New Jersey Artillery, 277, 534

and “Napoleon” gun-howitzer, 257–58

2nd Connecticut Heavy Artillery, 432–33

and shrapnel, 257

10th Massachusetts Artillery, 240

and 3” Ordnance Rifle, 257

Ashley, James, 499–500, 505

Atlanta, Georgia, 153, 346, 399, 425, 426, 436, 439, 440–42, 445, 446, 531

and Decatur, 443

and Ezra Church, 443

and Jonesboro, 443

and Peachtree Creek, 443

and siege of (1864), 442–44, 467

Atlanta Constitution, 523

Augusta, Georgia, 321, 346, 444

Augusta Constitutionalist, 130

Augusta Daily Chronicle and Sentinel, 121

Austin, Moses and Stephen, 59

Austria, 286, 317

and Emperor Franz Josef I, 292

Azores, 294, 309

Bacot, Ada, 398

Ball’s Bluff, battle of (1861), 434

Baltimore, Maryland, 121, 144, 342, 386, 421

Bancroft, George, 216

banks, 16–17, 19, 22, 25, 54, 84, 99–100, 115, 129, 219, 362, 485, 519

and Bank of the United States, 16, 17, 219, 221

and National Banking Act (1863), 221

Banks, Nathaniel P., 421–22, 425, 426

and Red River campaign (1864), 421–22, 426

“Barbara Frietchie” (poem), 528

Barksdale, Ethelbert, 370, 503

Barlow, Samuel, 159

Barnes, Albert, 413

Bartness, Jacob W., 265

Barton, Clara, 404

Bassett, Samuel, 322

Bates, Edward, 122, 160, 452

Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 393, 398, 401

Battle, Cullen, 492

battle, sounds of, 271–72

Battle, Wesley Lewis, 334

“Battle Cry of Freedom, The” (song), 529

“Battle Hymn of the Republic, The” (poem), 529, 530

Bayard, James, 228

Beard, Charles amd Mary, 531, 534

Beaufort, South Carolina, 302

Beauregard, Pierre Gustave Toutant, 137, 140, 155

and Shiloh, 205–7, 208

Bee, William C., 311

Beecher, Catharine, 390–91

Beecher, Henry Ward, 403

Beecher, Lyman, 74

Bell, John, 121, 126

Bellard, Alfred, 275

Belvidere Baptist Church, 325

Benet, Stephen Vincent, 529

Benjamin, Judah P., 121, 361, 362

Benning, Henry L., 281, 357–58

Bentonville, North Carolina, battle of (1865), 480

Berdan, Hiram, 251, 261, 275

Bermuda Hundred, Virginia, 426

Berrien, John, 46

Bierce, Ambrose Gwinnett, 207–8, 528

Bigelow, John, 95

Billings, John D., 240, 266, 268–69

Bismarck, Otto von, 290

Bissell, William, 9

Black Kettle, 387

Blaine, James, 230

Blair, Francis Preston Blair, Sr., 165

Blair, Francis Preston, Jr., 462

Blake, Henry,