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/> Research Library, Volume 11, 1998, Page 160, church of Christ.
[5] PHTHIRO is used 8 times: Wigram, Page 786. It is translated [1] Destroy 2 times,
[2] Corrupt 4 times, [3] Corruption 2 times. "If any man DESTROYS (phthiro) the
temple of God, God will DESTROY (phthiro) him" 1 Corinthians 3:17 New American
Standard Version. Against all rules of interpretation, the same word is used in the same
sentence with two completely different meanings. By today's theology it is changed to be,
"If any man DESTROYS (phthiro) the temple of God, God will TORMENT
(basanisnios) him." They change horses in the middle of the stream. Why such
inconsistency? Do those who have their own theory change the Bible to keep their
theology?
[6] PHTHORA is used 9 times: Wigram, Page 786. It is translated [1] Corruption 7
times, [2] Perish 1 time, [3] Destroyed 1 time.
• "All which things are to PERISH (phthiro) with the using" [Colossians 2:22
American Standard Version]. Things are not going to be tormented, but will come
to an end. Yet, when the same word is used in reference to a person, some say,
"Not so, a person cannot perish; and not even God can destroy him, for a person is
eternal and therefore cannot be destroyed."
• "Beast, made to be taken and DESTROYED (phthiro)" [2 Peter 2:12] King James
Version].
• "Shall UTTERLY PERISH (kataphileo) in their own CORRUPTION (phthiro)" [2
Peter 2:12] King James Version. "DESTROYED" New American Standard
Version.
• "But these, like unreasoning animals, born as creatures of instinct to be captured
and KILLED, (phthiro) reviling where they have no knowledge, will in the
DESTRUCTION (kataphileo) of these creatures also be DESTROYED (phthiro)"
New American Standard Version. This is changed to say animals will be killed
(phthiro), but men will be tormented (phthiro). When this passage is changed, the
same word must be given two different interpretations in the same sentence to
keep animals from having souls.
[7] KATAPHILEO is used 2 times: Wigram, Page 416, Translated [1] Utterly perish
1 time, 2 Peter 2:12, [2] Corrupt 1 time, 2 Timothy 3:8.
• "But these [men] as natural brute beast made to be taken and destroyed...SHALL
UTTERLY PERISH (kataphileo) Wigram, Page 416] in their own
CORRUPTION (phthiro)" King James Version. Both evil men and beast shall
utterly perish.
• "But these (men), as creatures without reason, born mere animals to be taken and
DESTROYED (kataphileo)...shall in their [men] destroying surely be
DESTROYED (phthiro)." [At end of world]. American Standard Version.
315
• "But these (men), like unreasoning animals, born as creatures...to be captured
and killed...will in the DESTRUCTION (kataphileo) of these creatures also be
DESTROYED [phthiro]" New American Standard Version.
• "These people, however, are like irrational animals...born to be caught and
KILLED (phthiro) and when these creatures are DESTROYED (kataphileo), they
[men] also will be DESTROYED (phthiro) " New Revised Standard Version.
• "They, creatures of instinct, born only to be caught and are like brute beast,
creatures of instinct, born only to be caught and DESTROYED (kataphileo) and
like beasts they [men] too will PERISH (phthiro)." New International Version.
• "These [men] (like unreasoning wild animals born to be captured and
DESTROYED (phthiro), ranting in their ignorance) will also be DESTROYED in
their destroying." Hugo McCord, New Testament Translation, Printed by Freed-
Hardeman College.
• “Animals...destruction...[men] shall be UTTERLY DESTROYED (kataphileo)”
Living Oracles, A Campbell, Gospel Advocate Co.
"Truth Commentaries" on 2 Peter 2:12 changes what Peter said about the same thing
shall happen to these men that happened to the beast, and tried to side step by saying they
only act as if they are of the same nature. NOTHING IS SAID ABOUT A PERSON
AND BEAST HAVING THE SAME NATURE, HE ADDED THAT, BUT PETER
SAID THAT THEY BOTH WILL HAVE THE SAME END: "BE DESTROYED"
American Standard Version. The writer could not get around this so he changed what
Peter said from both beast and corrupt men having the same end, to both having the same
nature; and then says they do not even have the same nature, but only act as if they do?
The "same end" is not the same thing as "same nature." From where did he get "same
nature"? Is he not a county mile from what Peter did say? Does he think only the "nature"
of a person or beast is to be destroyed (phthora) [Psalms 49:20]?
[8] EXOLOTHREUO is used only one time. "And it shall be, that every soul
[psukee] that shall not hearken to that prophet, shall be UTTERLY DESTROYED from
among the people" [Acts 3:23]. It is the "psukee" [soul, living being, person] that shall be
"utterly destroyed." The very thing many say is immortal from birth and cannot be
destroyed is "utterly destroyed." In Acts 3:22-23 Peter is speaking of anyone who will not
hear Christ shall be "utterly destroyed," not forever preserved alive. Not only shall they
that do not hearken to Christ be destroyed, but they are to be “utterly destroyed.”
"Exolothreuo is found in this one passage. This is the strongest word in
Greek for the action of God towards man in his evil. There is not a shade of
modification from the idea or absolute eradication. The word means clearly
'the wiping out of existence.' Even the translators used an adjective, 'utterly'
to convey the idea of eradication. It clearly refers to all those who reject
Christ as being eradicated." G. A. Adams, "The Judgment," Page 25.
When the strongest words in the Greek language that signify destroy or destruction are
made to mean an everlasting existence in torment; there cannot be a grosser
misinterpretation of language.
[9] KATARGEO is used 27 times. Wigram, Page 415. Translated [1] Abolished, [2]
Vanish away, [3] Bring to naught (nothing), [4] Do away with, [5] Destroy [6] Destroyed,
[7] Be done away, [8] Ceased, [9] etc.
316
• Death "SHALL BE ABOLISHED (katargeo)" [1 Corinthians 15:26]. No one
thinks death will exist forever in torment. If a person were immortal, there would
be no death to be abolished.
• Knowledge "SHALL VANISH AWAY (katargeo)" [1 Corinthians 13:8]. Not be
tormented.
• "God SHALL BRING TO NAUGHT (katargeo) both it and THEM" [1
Corinthians 6:13]. GOD WILL BRING TO NAUGHT [bring to nothing] BOTH
THEIR BELLY AND THEM. "Do away with both" New American Standard
Version. "Destroy both" New Revised Standard Version. Their belly will go back
to the dust from which it came and cease to be just as they will. God will bring to
nothing "both it (their belly) and them."
• "That through death he might BRING TO NAUGHT (katargeo) him that had the
power of death, that is, the devil" [Hebrews 2:14], Satan is to be brought to
nothing, not forever tormented. How? By being cast into the lake of fire
[Revelation 20:10] "which is the second death " [Revelation 21:8]. God made
Satan, man and all that was made out of nothing and both Satan and all lost men
will return to nothing.
• "HAVING ABOLISHED (katargeo) in his flesh the enmity, even the law of
commandments" [Ephesians 2:15]. No one thinks the law of commandments is
being tormented forever. It was brought to naught (nothing), vanished away, was
abolished just as Satan and all the lost will be. The same word is used for the end
of death, knowledge, the belly, Satan, the Law of Moses, and the lost. Whatever
happens to one happens to the others.
[10] DESTROY like death, is used in a way it is not used in any English Dictionary,
or is not used in everyday language by us or the world, but only by some in their special
theological way. The English word "destroy" never means "torment." If the Greek word
did, then "destroy" would be a very bad mistranslation. None of the Bible translations
translate it "torment."
If, as many teach, destroy means banishment to Hell, then it means the same for all the
creatures named in Genesis 7:21-23 where all mankind was destroyed along with all
living beings not in the ark. "Destroyed" in King James Version, "blotted out" in the New
American Standard. I know of no one who believes all living creatures will be in Hell.
[11] APOTHNEESKO is used 110 times and is translated die, dying, died, dead,
death, perished: Apothneesko always means die or dead. “Christ DIED (apothennsko)
for us” [Romans 5:8]. “For as in Adam all die (apothennsko)” [1 Corinthians 15:22]
those in Christ and those not in Christ get old and die. “So then, brethren, we are debtors,
not to the flesh, to live after the flesh: for if you live after the flesh, you shall DIE
(apothennsko): but if by the Spirit you put to death the deeds of the body, you shall live”
[Romans 8:12-13]. Paul is speaking of a death (the second death) that only those who live
after the flesh shall die but those who put to death the deeds of the body shall not die but
shall live [Revelation 2:11]. To die (apothennsko) never means to live, it never means to
live forever in torment, “for if you live after the flesh, you shall DIE (apothennsko).”
Only believers are promised eternal life; not one passage ever says nonbelievers will ever
have eternal life in Hell or any other place, many passages say they will die.
“For not one of us lives for himself, and not one DIES (apothennsko) for himself; for
if we live, we live for the Lord, or if we DIE (apothennsko), we DIE (apothennsko) for the
317
Lord; therefore whether we live or DIE (apothennsko), we are the Lord's. For to this end
Christ DIED (apothennsko) and lived again” [Romans 14:7-9]. Paul is speaking of our
life now on earth, being alive or being dead, if we live to preach Christ or if we die, are
put to death because we believe in Christ, to say die means being alive makes nonsense
of this passage just as it does in all the passages where die (apothennsko) is used.
[12] THE DEVOURING, CONSUMING, DESTROYING FIRE Hebrews 10:27: "But
a certain terrifying expectation of judgment and the fury of a fire that will consume the
adversaries" [New American Standard Version]. Some have made the wicked into a
burning bush that is not consumed [Exodus 3:2], and have put out the consuming fire of
God [Hebrews 12:29]. Therefore, God is no more a consuming fire. They use consume
by fire to mean to burn up [see 1 Kings 18:38; Leviticus 9:24; Deuteronomy 28:38],
except when it is God consuming the evil, for then it would not fit with their teaching.
Therefore, they must use consume with two different meanings. They must make
consume mean eternal torment, but it has never meant torment.
• "Judgment and fiery indignation, which SHALL DEVOUR the adversaries" King
James Version.
• "Judgment, and fiery indignation which WILL DEVOUR the adversaries" New
King James Version.
• "Judgment, and a fierceness of fire which SHALL DEVOUR the adversaries"
American Standard Version.
• "Judgment and the fury of a fire which WILL CONSUME the adversaries" New
American Standard Version.
• "Judgment, and a fury of fire which WILL CONSUME the adversaries" Revised
Standard Version.
• "Judgment, and a fury of fire that WILL CONSUME the adversaries" New
Revised Standard Version.
• "Judgment and of raging fire that WILL CONSUME the enemies of God" New
International Version.
• "Judgment and a fierce fire which WILL CONSUME God's enemies" New
English Bible.
• "Judgment, of a fierce fire which WILL CONSUME God's enemies" Revised
English Bible.
• "Judgment and the fierce fire which WILL DESTROY those who oppose God"
Today's English Version.
• "Judgment and the fire of God's indignation, which WILL CONSUME all that sets
itself against him" Phillips Modern English.
• "Judgment and a flaming fire TO CONSUME the adversaries of God" New
American Bible.
• "Judgment, and of a fiery indignation, which SHALL DEVOUR the adversaries"
Living Oracles,
[5] PHTHIRO is used 8 times: Wigram, Page 786. It is translated [1] Destroy 2 times,
[2] Corrupt 4 times, [3] Corruption 2 times. "If any man DESTROYS (phthiro) the
temple of God, God will DESTROY (phthiro) him" 1 Corinthians 3:17 New American
Standard Version. Against all rules of interpretation, the same word is used in the same
sentence with two completely different meanings. By today's theology it is changed to be,
"If any man DESTROYS (phthiro) the temple of God, God will TORMENT
(basanisnios) him." They change horses in the middle of the stream. Why such
inconsistency? Do those who have their own theory change the Bible to keep their
theology?
[6] PHTHORA is used 9 times: Wigram, Page 786. It is translated [1] Corruption 7
times, [2] Perish 1 time, [3] Destroyed 1 time.
• "All which things are to PERISH (phthiro) with the using" [Colossians 2:22
American Standard Version]. Things are not going to be tormented, but will come
to an end. Yet, when the same word is used in reference to a person, some say,
"Not so, a person cannot perish; and not even God can destroy him, for a person is
eternal and therefore cannot be destroyed."
• "Beast, made to be taken and DESTROYED (phthiro)" [2 Peter 2:12] King James
Version].
• "Shall UTTERLY PERISH (kataphileo) in their own CORRUPTION (phthiro)" [2
Peter 2:12] King James Version. "DESTROYED" New American Standard
Version.
• "But these, like unreasoning animals, born as creatures of instinct to be captured
and KILLED, (phthiro) reviling where they have no knowledge, will in the
DESTRUCTION (kataphileo) of these creatures also be DESTROYED (phthiro)"
New American Standard Version. This is changed to say animals will be killed
(phthiro), but men will be tormented (phthiro). When this passage is changed, the
same word must be given two different interpretations in the same sentence to
keep animals from having souls.
[7] KATAPHILEO is used 2 times: Wigram, Page 416, Translated [1] Utterly perish
1 time, 2 Peter 2:12, [2] Corrupt 1 time, 2 Timothy 3:8.
• "But these [men] as natural brute beast made to be taken and destroyed...SHALL
UTTERLY PERISH (kataphileo) Wigram, Page 416] in their own
CORRUPTION (phthiro)" King James Version. Both evil men and beast shall
utterly perish.
• "But these (men), as creatures without reason, born mere animals to be taken and
DESTROYED (kataphileo)...shall in their [men] destroying surely be
DESTROYED (phthiro)." [At end of world]. American Standard Version.
315
• "But these (men), like unreasoning animals, born as creatures...to be captured
and killed...will in the DESTRUCTION (kataphileo) of these creatures also be
DESTROYED [phthiro]" New American Standard Version.
• "These people, however, are like irrational animals...born to be caught and
KILLED (phthiro) and when these creatures are DESTROYED (kataphileo), they
[men] also will be DESTROYED (phthiro) " New Revised Standard Version.
• "They, creatures of instinct, born only to be caught and are like brute beast,
creatures of instinct, born only to be caught and DESTROYED (kataphileo) and
like beasts they [men] too will PERISH (phthiro)." New International Version.
• "These [men] (like unreasoning wild animals born to be captured and
DESTROYED (phthiro), ranting in their ignorance) will also be DESTROYED in
their destroying." Hugo McCord, New Testament Translation, Printed by Freed-
Hardeman College.
• “Animals...destruction...[men] shall be UTTERLY DESTROYED (kataphileo)”
Living Oracles, A Campbell, Gospel Advocate Co.
"Truth Commentaries" on 2 Peter 2:12 changes what Peter said about the same thing
shall happen to these men that happened to the beast, and tried to side step by saying they
only act as if they are of the same nature. NOTHING IS SAID ABOUT A PERSON
AND BEAST HAVING THE SAME NATURE, HE ADDED THAT, BUT PETER
SAID THAT THEY BOTH WILL HAVE THE SAME END: "BE DESTROYED"
American Standard Version. The writer could not get around this so he changed what
Peter said from both beast and corrupt men having the same end, to both having the same
nature; and then says they do not even have the same nature, but only act as if they do?
The "same end" is not the same thing as "same nature." From where did he get "same
nature"? Is he not a county mile from what Peter did say? Does he think only the "nature"
of a person or beast is to be destroyed (phthora) [Psalms 49:20]?
[8] EXOLOTHREUO is used only one time. "And it shall be, that every soul
[psukee] that shall not hearken to that prophet, shall be UTTERLY DESTROYED from
among the people" [Acts 3:23]. It is the "psukee" [soul, living being, person] that shall be
"utterly destroyed." The very thing many say is immortal from birth and cannot be
destroyed is "utterly destroyed." In Acts 3:22-23 Peter is speaking of anyone who will not
hear Christ shall be "utterly destroyed," not forever preserved alive. Not only shall they
that do not hearken to Christ be destroyed, but they are to be “utterly destroyed.”
"Exolothreuo is found in this one passage. This is the strongest word in
Greek for the action of God towards man in his evil. There is not a shade of
modification from the idea or absolute eradication. The word means clearly
'the wiping out of existence.' Even the translators used an adjective, 'utterly'
to convey the idea of eradication. It clearly refers to all those who reject
Christ as being eradicated." G. A. Adams, "The Judgment," Page 25.
When the strongest words in the Greek language that signify destroy or destruction are
made to mean an everlasting existence in torment; there cannot be a grosser
misinterpretation of language.
[9] KATARGEO is used 27 times. Wigram, Page 415. Translated [1] Abolished, [2]
Vanish away, [3] Bring to naught (nothing), [4] Do away with, [5] Destroy [6] Destroyed,
[7] Be done away, [8] Ceased, [9] etc.
316
• Death "SHALL BE ABOLISHED (katargeo)" [1 Corinthians 15:26]. No one
thinks death will exist forever in torment. If a person were immortal, there would
be no death to be abolished.
• Knowledge "SHALL VANISH AWAY (katargeo)" [1 Corinthians 13:8]. Not be
tormented.
• "God SHALL BRING TO NAUGHT (katargeo) both it and THEM" [1
Corinthians 6:13]. GOD WILL BRING TO NAUGHT [bring to nothing] BOTH
THEIR BELLY AND THEM. "Do away with both" New American Standard
Version. "Destroy both" New Revised Standard Version. Their belly will go back
to the dust from which it came and cease to be just as they will. God will bring to
nothing "both it (their belly) and them."
• "That through death he might BRING TO NAUGHT (katargeo) him that had the
power of death, that is, the devil" [Hebrews 2:14], Satan is to be brought to
nothing, not forever tormented. How? By being cast into the lake of fire
[Revelation 20:10] "which is the second death " [Revelation 21:8]. God made
Satan, man and all that was made out of nothing and both Satan and all lost men
will return to nothing.
• "HAVING ABOLISHED (katargeo) in his flesh the enmity, even the law of
commandments" [Ephesians 2:15]. No one thinks the law of commandments is
being tormented forever. It was brought to naught (nothing), vanished away, was
abolished just as Satan and all the lost will be. The same word is used for the end
of death, knowledge, the belly, Satan, the Law of Moses, and the lost. Whatever
happens to one happens to the others.
[10] DESTROY like death, is used in a way it is not used in any English Dictionary,
or is not used in everyday language by us or the world, but only by some in their special
theological way. The English word "destroy" never means "torment." If the Greek word
did, then "destroy" would be a very bad mistranslation. None of the Bible translations
translate it "torment."
If, as many teach, destroy means banishment to Hell, then it means the same for all the
creatures named in Genesis 7:21-23 where all mankind was destroyed along with all
living beings not in the ark. "Destroyed" in King James Version, "blotted out" in the New
American Standard. I know of no one who believes all living creatures will be in Hell.
[11] APOTHNEESKO is used 110 times and is translated die, dying, died, dead,
death, perished: Apothneesko always means die or dead. “Christ DIED (apothennsko)
for us” [Romans 5:8]. “For as in Adam all die (apothennsko)” [1 Corinthians 15:22]
those in Christ and those not in Christ get old and die. “So then, brethren, we are debtors,
not to the flesh, to live after the flesh: for if you live after the flesh, you shall DIE
(apothennsko): but if by the Spirit you put to death the deeds of the body, you shall live”
[Romans 8:12-13]. Paul is speaking of a death (the second death) that only those who live
after the flesh shall die but those who put to death the deeds of the body shall not die but
shall live [Revelation 2:11]. To die (apothennsko) never means to live, it never means to
live forever in torment, “for if you live after the flesh, you shall DIE (apothennsko).”
Only believers are promised eternal life; not one passage ever says nonbelievers will ever
have eternal life in Hell or any other place, many passages say they will die.
“For not one of us lives for himself, and not one DIES (apothennsko) for himself; for
if we live, we live for the Lord, or if we DIE (apothennsko), we DIE (apothennsko) for the
317
Lord; therefore whether we live or DIE (apothennsko), we are the Lord's. For to this end
Christ DIED (apothennsko) and lived again” [Romans 14:7-9]. Paul is speaking of our
life now on earth, being alive or being dead, if we live to preach Christ or if we die, are
put to death because we believe in Christ, to say die means being alive makes nonsense
of this passage just as it does in all the passages where die (apothennsko) is used.
[12] THE DEVOURING, CONSUMING, DESTROYING FIRE Hebrews 10:27: "But
a certain terrifying expectation of judgment and the fury of a fire that will consume the
adversaries" [New American Standard Version]. Some have made the wicked into a
burning bush that is not consumed [Exodus 3:2], and have put out the consuming fire of
God [Hebrews 12:29]. Therefore, God is no more a consuming fire. They use consume
by fire to mean to burn up [see 1 Kings 18:38; Leviticus 9:24; Deuteronomy 28:38],
except when it is God consuming the evil, for then it would not fit with their teaching.
Therefore, they must use consume with two different meanings. They must make
consume mean eternal torment, but it has never meant torment.
• "Judgment and fiery indignation, which SHALL DEVOUR the adversaries" King
James Version.
• "Judgment, and fiery indignation which WILL DEVOUR the adversaries" New
King James Version.
• "Judgment, and a fierceness of fire which SHALL DEVOUR the adversaries"
American Standard Version.
• "Judgment and the fury of a fire which WILL CONSUME the adversaries" New
American Standard Version.
• "Judgment, and a fury of fire which WILL CONSUME the adversaries" Revised
Standard Version.
• "Judgment, and a fury of fire that WILL CONSUME the adversaries" New
Revised Standard Version.
• "Judgment and of raging fire that WILL CONSUME the enemies of God" New
International Version.
• "Judgment and a fierce fire which WILL CONSUME God's enemies" New
English Bible.
• "Judgment, of a fierce fire which WILL CONSUME God's enemies" Revised
English Bible.
• "Judgment and the fierce fire which WILL DESTROY those who oppose God"
Today's English Version.
• "Judgment and the fire of God's indignation, which WILL CONSUME all that sets
itself against him" Phillips Modern English.
• "Judgment and a flaming fire TO CONSUME the adversaries of God" New
American Bible.
• "Judgment, and of a fiery indignation, which SHALL DEVOUR the adversaries"
Living Oracles,
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