Folk-lore of Shakespeare - Thomas Firminger Thiselton Dyer (ereader iphone txt) 📗
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As you are toss’d with.”
This character of the weasel is not, however, generally mentioned by naturalists.
[341] See page 165.
[342] Nares’s “Glossary,” vol. i. p. 38.
[343] “Glossary to Shakespeare,” 1876, p. 20.
[344] “Asinico, a little ass,” Connelly’s “Spanish and English Dictionary,” Madrid, 4to.
[345] “English Folk-Lore,” p. 115; cf. “Macbeth,” iii. 2.
[346] Henderson’s “Folk-Lore of Northern Counties,” 1879, pp. 125, 126.
[347] It has been speciously derived from the English word rear, in the sense of being able to raise itself in the air, but this is erroneous. Nares’s “Glossary,” vol. ii. p. 726.
[348] Aldis Wright’s “Notes to A Midsummer-Night’s Dream,” 1877, p. 101.
[349] “Folk-Lore Record,” 1879, p. 201.
[350] Jamieson’s “Scottish Dictionary,” 1879, vol. i p. 106.
[351] See Brand’s “Pop. Antiq.,” 1849, vol. iii. p. 189; Harting’s “Ornithology of Shakespeare,” 1871, pp. 13, 14.
[352] “Vulgar Errors,” 1852, vol. i. p. 247.
[353] See Bartholomæus, “De Proprietate Rerum,” lib. xviii. c. 112; Aristotle, “History of Animals,” lib. vi. c. 31; Pliny’s “Natural History,” lib. viii. c. 54.
[354] Steevens on this passage.
[355] “Notes on Julius Cæsar,” 1878, p. 134.
[356] “Notices Illustrative of the Drama and other Popular Amusements,” incidentally illustrating Shakespeare and his contemporaries, extracted from the MSS. of Leicester, by W. Kelly, 1865, p. 152.
[357] No. 433. The document is given at length in Collier’s “Annals of the Stage,” vol. i. p. 35, note.
[358] Kelly’s “Notices of Leicester,” p. 152.
[359] Wright’s “Domestic Manners,” p. 304.
[360] “Progresses and Processions,” vol. ii. p. 259.
[361] About 1760 it was customary to have a bear baited at the election of the mayor. Corry, “History of Liverpool,” 1810, p. 93.
[362] Edited by M. A. Thorns, 1853, p. 170.
[363] For further information on this subject consult Strutt’s “Sports and Pastimes,” 1876; Kelly’s “Notices of Leicester,” pp. 152-159.
[364] Chambers’s “Book of Days,” 1864, vol. ii. pp. 518, 519.
[365] Hampson’s “Œvi Medii Kalendarium,” vol. i. p. 96.
[366] See Gentleman’s Magazine, vol. xcviii. pp. 401, 402.
[367] See “Book of Days,” vol. ii. pp. 517-519.
[368] “Embossed” is a hunting term, properly applied to a deer when foaming at the mouth from fatigue, see p. 179; also Dyce’s “Glossary to Shakespeare,” p. 142; see Nares’s “Glossary,” vol. i. p. 275.
[369] Wright’s “Domestic Manners,” p. 304; see Strutt’s “Sports and Pastimes;” Smith’s “Festivals, Games, and Amusements,” 1831, pp. 192-229.
[370] “Book of Days,” vol. ii. p. 59.
[371] Cf. “2 Henry IV.” ii. 2, “the town-bull.”
[372] “Folk-Lore of Northern Counties,” p. 267; Brand’s “Pop. Antiq.,” 1849, vol. iii. p. 7.
[373] Malkin is a diminutive of “Mary;” “Maukin,” the same word, is still used in Scotland for a hare. “Notes to Macbeth,” by Clark and Wright, 1877, p. 75.
[374] Sternberg’s “Dialect and Folk-Lore of Northamptonshire,” 1851, p. 148.
[375] Henderson’s “Folk-Lore of Northern Counties” 1879, p. 206.
[376] Kelly’s “Indo-European Folk-Lore,” 1863, p. 238.
[377] Thorpe’s “Northern Mythology,” 1851, vol. iii. p. 32.
[378] Ibid., vol. ii. p. 32; vol. iii. pp. 26-236.
[379] See Baring-Gould’s “Book of Werewolves,” 1869, p. 65.
[380] Ibid., p. 66.
[381] Dyce’s “Glossary to Shakespeare,” p. 70.
[382] See Brand’s “Pop. Antiq.,” 1849, vol. iii. p. 39; also Wright’s “Essays on the Superstitions of the Middle Ages,” 1846.
[383] See Brand’s “Pop. Antiq.,” vol. iii. p. 42.
[384] Dyce’s “Glossary to Shakespeare,” p. 466.
[385] From Tibert, Tib was also a common name for a cat.
[386] Douce’s “Illustrations of Shakespeare,” 1839, p. 41.
[387] Dyce’s “Glossary,” p. 183.
[388] A gibbe (an old male cat), Macou, Cotgrave’s “French and English Dictionary.”
[389] “Glossary,” vol. i. p. 360.
[390] “Vulgar Errors,” bk. iii. p. 21, 1852; bk. i. p. 321, note.
[391] Ovid (“Metamorphoses,” bk. xv. l. 411) speaks of its changes of color.
[392] Cuvier’s “Animal Kingdom,” 1831, vol. ix. p. 226.
[393] “Vulgar Errors,” bk. iii. p. 7.
[394] See “Cymbeline,” ii. 4; “Winter’s Tale,” i. 2.
[395] Nares’s “Glossary,” vol. i. p 173.
[396] Dyce’s “Glossary,” p. 29; see “1 Henry IV.,” ii. 3, “of basilisks, of cannon, culverin.”
[397] “Handbook Index to Shakespeare.”
[398] Singer’s “Shakespeare,” 1875, vol. x. p. 118.
[399] See Strutt’s “Sports and Pastimes,” 1876, pp. 66, 75, 79, 80, 113, 117.
[400] See “As You Like It,” iv. 2; “All’s Well That Ends Well,” v. 2; “Macbeth,” iv. 3; “1 Henry IV.,” v. 4; “1 Henry VI.,” iv. 2; “2 Henry VI.,” v. 2; “Titus Andronicus,” iii. 1, etc.
[401] Singer’s “Shakespeare,” vol. viii. p. 421
[402] Chappell’s “Popular Music of the Olden Time,” 2d ed. vol. i. p. 61; see Douce’s “Illustrations of Shakespeare,” p. 432; see, too, Nares’s “Glossary,” vol. i. p. 440.
[403] See Dyce’s “Glossary,” p. 401.
[404] See Strutt’s “Sports and Pastimes,” 1876, p. 65.
[405] “De Proprietate Rerum,” lib. xviii. c. 30.
[406] Cf. Vergil’s description of the wounded stag in “Æneid,” bk. vii.
[407] Commentary on Bartholomæus’s “De Proprietate Rerum.”
[408] The drops which fall from their eyes are not tears from the lachrymal glands, but an oily secretion from the inner angle of the eye close to the nose.—Brewer’s “Dictionary of Phrase and Fable,” p. 217.
[409] “Illustrations of Shakespeare,” p. 183.
[410] These dogs were kept for baiting bears, when that amusement was in vogue, and “from their terrific howling they are occasionally introduced to heighten the horror of the picture.” Nares’s “Glossary,” vol. i. p. 50.
[411] See Kelly’s “Indo-European Folk-Lore,” p. 109.
[412] Henderson’s “Folk-Lore of the Northern Counties,” p. 48.
[413] See “English Folk-Lore,” p. 101.
[414] See Hardwick’s “Traditions, Superstitions, and Folk-Lore,” p. 171.
[415] “Myths and Mythmakers,” 1873, p. 36.
[416] “Nares’s Glossary,” vol. i. p. 218.
[417] For the various versions of this myth consult Baring-Gould’s “Curious Myths of the Middle Ages,” 1877, pp. 266-316.
[418] Cf. “Troilus and Cressida,” v. 8; “Midsummer-Night’s Dream,” iii. 2.
[419] Singer’s “Shakespeare,” vol. x. p. 363.
[420] “Demonology and Devil-Lore,” 1880, vol. i. p. 383.
[421] The dragon formerly constituted a part of the morris-dance.
[422] Sir Thomas Browne’s Works, 1852, vol. i. pp. 220-232.
[423] Edited by Simon Wilkin, 1852, vol. i. p. 226.
[424] See Pliny’s “Natural History,” bk. viii.
[425] Staunton’s “Shakespeare,” 1864, vol. ii. p. 367; Nares’s “Glossary,” vol. i. p. 331.
[426] Singer’s “Shakespeare,” vol. ix. p. 75.
[427] See Wright’s Notes to “The Tempest,” 1875, p. 94.
[428] Conway’s “Demonology and Devil-Lore,” 1880, vol. i. p. 122.
[429] Warburton on “Romeo and Juliet,” i. 4.
[430] Dyce’s “Glossary,” p. 104.
[431] See Douce’s “Illustrations of Shakespeare,” p. 106; Nares’s “Glossary,” vol. ii. p. 830.
[432] “Glossary,” p. 412.
[433] See Strutt’s “Sports and Pastimes,” p. 48.
[434] Singer’s “Shakespeare,” 1875, vol. vii. p. 277.
[435] “Natural History,” bk. viii. c. 19.
[436] “Arcana Microcosmi,” p. 151.
[437] 1852, vol. i. pp. 312-315.
[438] See Nares’s “Glossary,” vol. ii. p. 577; Singer’s “Shakespeare,” vol. v. p. 77.
[439] Halliwell-Phillipps’s “Handbook Index to Shakespeare,” 1866, p. 331.
[440] Forby’s “Vocabulary of East Anglia,” vol. ii. p. 222.
[441] See Staunton’s “Shakespeare,” vol. i. p. 278.
[442] Cf. “King Lear,” iv. 6.
[443] See Nares’s “Glossary,” vol. ii. p. 673.
[444] Ibid., vol. ii. p. 189.
[445] See D’Israeli’s “Curiosities of Literature,” vol. iii. p. 78.
[446] “The strange phrase and the superstition that arose out of it seem to have been produced by a mistranslation, by the English-speaking population of a considerable portion of Ireland, of two Celtic or Gaelic words, ran, to roar, to shriek, to bellow, to make a great noise on a wind instrument; and rann, to versify, to rhyme. It is well known that rats are scared by any great and persistent noise in the house which they infest. The Saxon English, as well as Saxon Irish, of Shakespeare’s time, confounding rann, a rhyme, with ran, a roar, fell into the error which led to the English phrase as used by Shakespeare.”—Antiquarian Magazine and Bibliographer, 1882, vol. ii. p. 9. “On Some Obscure Words and Celtic Phrases in Shakespeare,” by Charles Mackay.
[447] See “English Folk-Lore,” 1878, p. 120.
[448] See Brewer’s “Dictionary of Phrase and Fable,” p. 922.
[449] See Brand’s “Pop. Antiq.,” 1849, vol. iii. p. 283.
CHAPTER VIII. PLANTS.That Shakespeare possessed an extensive knowledge of the history and superstitions associated with flowers is evident, from even only a slight perusal of his plays. Apart from the extensive use which he has made of these lovely objects of nature for the purpose of embellishing,
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