A Manual of the Malay language - Sir Maxwell William Edward (best english novels to read TXT) 📗
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He is not my child— Bukan-lah iya anak hamba.
He will not come— Dia ta’ mahu datang.
I asked him a great many times, but he would not— Sahaya minta bĕrapa kali tiada dia mahu.
There are no fish in the market— T’ada ikan di pasar.
I do not know where he has gone— Antah ka-mana pergi-nia.
There is no saying how many of them died— Antah ber-apa baniak-nia yang mati.
It cannot be otherwise— Ta’ dapat tiada.
He cannot enter— Dia ta’bulih masok.
Do not go— Jangan pergi.
Do not believe what people say— Jangan perchaya akan perkata-an orang.
Shall I enter the house or not?— Masok-kah aku dalam rumah atau jangan-kah?
So far from obtaining it, we did not even see it— Jangan-kan dapat, me-lihat-pun tidak.
Not to speak of you, of me, even, they are afraid— Jangan-kan tuan, hamba-tuan pun dia orang takut.
Exercise.He said no. That conduct is not proper. He cannot write. The children are not in the house. So far from getting a pony-carriage, we cannot even get a bullock-cart. Not to speak of the night, by day even people are afraid to go there. There is no saying how it happened. Do not go near. Shall I give the fruit to the woman or not? There are not many horses here. Do you not know that? The Chinaman will not say yes or no. Do not be afraid. If the seed is good it cannot but be that the fruit is good also. The wind was of no ordinary force (kuat).
New words in this Lesson to be learned by heart.Beautiful, beauty, molek; dead, to die, mati; to believe, perchaya; saying, speech, per-kata-an (from kata, to say); to fear, takut; to write, tulis; night, malam; daylight, siyang; seed, biji; doing, making, fabrication, manufacture, buat-an (from buat, to do, to make); to go away, go home, pulang.
LESSON VII. On the Use of Prepositions.For a list of the most useful prepositions see supra, p. 63.
Examples.We are going up the mountain— Kita handak naik ka-atas gunong.
For every orlong (land-measure) ten cents— Pada satu orlong sa-puloh duit.3
The clerks who are under him— Krani-krani yang di-bawah-nia.
Many people have settled at that place— Baniak orang sudah masok di tampat itu.
He saw it from outside— Deri luar iya me-lihat-kan.
People have remarked upon the subject before me (in my presence)— Ada juga orang ter-kenang-kan hal itu di hadap-an sahaya.
The Raja gave a present to him— Raja membĕri hadia kapada-nia.
Che Ismail has made preparations for marrying his daughter to (with) Haji Daud— Che Ismail sudah siap handak me-nikaḥ-kan anak-nia dengan Haji Daud.
They were sentenced by the judge— Di-ḥukum-kan uleh ḥakim.
Among the four men three were wounded and one ran away— Di-dalam ampat orang itu tiga luka satu lari.
I want to know about that affair— Sahaya handak tahu deri-pada hal itu.
The case was begun on the first day of the month— Kapada satu hari bulan di-mula-i bichara-nia.
With great haste— Dengan sangat gopoh.
He has gone towards the kitchen— Sudah dia jalan sa-bĕlah dapor.
On both sides of the road— Antara ka-dua bĕlah jalan.
Regarding the subject of that document— Akan hal surat itu.
After a few days— Lepas sadikit hari.
He was buried near his father— Di-ḳubur-kan dĕkat ayah-nia.
According to their circumstances— Atas ḳadar-nia.
According to his strength— Sa-kadar kuasa-nia.
Go to your master— Pergi sama tuan kamu.
He inquired about a murder— Dia preḳsa fasal bunoh.
Another version behind your back— Balik bĕlakang lain bichara.
Between earth and sky— Antara bumi dan langit.
To walk through the water— Ber-jalan trus ayer.
For the sake of God— Karana Allah.
As far as the cross-roads— Hingga sempang jalan.
Until now— Sampei sakarang.
Exercise.He lives upon the hill. On the tenth day of the month. They came before the raja. His master gave a dollar to him. He was buried by his brothers. After that all went away. Among those ten persons six are men and four are women. As regards the subject of that case, inquiry is now being made. Each man received according to his circumstances. In which direction has he gone, towards the right or towards the left? Between the house and the river. How much will you receive for every pikul of tin? The dogs are under the house. They sat upon the ground. He arrived at that place with fifteen men. They remained until night.
The following words used in this lesson should be committed to memory:—
Clerk, krani; place, tampat; affair, subject, hal; gift, present, hadia; judge, ḥakim; order, sentence, ḥukum; case, negotiation, bichara; hurried, haste, gopoh; kitchen, dapor; a grave, ḳubur; to bury, ḳubur-kan; rate, condition, circumstances, ḳadar; strength, power, kuasa; the back, bĕlakang; the earth, bumi; God, Allah; fork (of a road), sempang; side, bĕlah.
To ascend, naik; to reflect, consider, kenang; wounded, to wound, luka; to marry, nikaḥ; to give in marriage, nikaḥ-kan; to examine, inquire into, preḳsa; to kill, bunoh; to receive, tĕrima.
3. In Penang 1 duit = 1 cent.; in Singapore and Malacca ¼ cent.
LESSON VIII. On the Words Sudah and Habis. Substantives.a lock, kunchi.
a key, anak kunchi.
accounts, kira-kira.
skill, ka-pandei-an.
anger, ka-marah-an.
small-pox, ka-tumboh-an.
loss, rugi.
disease, penyakit.
an egg, tĕlor.
an axe, kapak.
the foot, kaki.
cold (in the head), sardi.
dagger, kris, kris.
rocks, reef, karang.
a fine, denda.
blemish, chachat.
Verbs.to lock, kunchi-kan.
to try, attempt, choba.
to expend, bĕlanja.
to be silent, diam.
to break, pechah.
to stab, tikam.
to beat, pukul.
to be destroyed, binasa.
to burn, bakar; burnt, ter-bakar.
to be angry, marah.
to loose, lepas; loosed ter-lepas.
to disobey, bantah.
to cheat, tipu.
to be damaged, rosak.
to rob, samun.
to bite (as a snake), pagut.
Adjectives.guilty, salah.
black, hitam.
slow, lambat.
rotten, busuk.
severe, tĕrok.
fit, suitable, probable, harus.
Adverbs.quickly, lăkas.
slowly, perlahan.
Sudah is classed as an adverb, but its most common use is to serve as a kind of auxiliary verb in forming the past tenses. It is translateable, according to the context, by the words and phrases, has, had; has, have, and had been, or become; done, finished, completed, &c.
Habis signifies done, finished, exhausted, expended; utterly, completely. The use of these words with verbs will be seen from the following examples:—
Examples.Have you locked the door?— Sudah kunchi-kan pintu-kah?
I have— Sudah.
When I reached the house he was already there (lit. had become present before)— Tatkala sahaya sampei di rumah dia sudah ada dahulu.
It is not yet finished— Belum sudah.
It is half finished (just being finished)— Tengah handak sudah.
Nearly finished— Dekat mahu sudah.
Long ago— Lama sudah.
A month ago, more or less— Lebih korang sa’bulan sudah.
That is enough— Sudah-lah.
It has gone bad— Sudah busuk.
It is over— Sudah habis.
His father is an old man (has become old)— Bapa-nia sudah tuah.
Try to complete this— Choba-lah bagi sudah.
He understands (has arrived at understanding) accounts very well— Pasal kira-kira sudah iya harti baik-baik.
Now it is (has become) near— Sakarang sudah dĕkat.
They are all dead and gone— Sumua-nia mati habis.
Entirely destroyed— Habis binasa.
It is all spent— Sudah bĕlanja habis.
When he had finished speaking— Apabila sudah habis chakap.
All were quite silent— Habis-lah diam sumua.
The utmost of his skill— Sa-habis ka-pandei-an dia.
Exercise.He is dead. He died long ago. He had made preparations for going away. Are they all ready? The workman says that the box is not yet finished. He has gone to Malacca. I have seen this before. The tea is finished. All the eggs are broken. The house was entirely burnt. He spent all his father’s money. Finish that quickly. They have gone back to their own country. That house is nearly finished. I arrived here a year ago. When you have finished writing that letter go home. It is now at a distance. I am just finishing this letter.
LESSON IX. On the Verb Kĕna.Kĕna, in the sense of “to incur,” is frequently used with other words to express the passive mood. Thus, instead of “he was fined,” Malays will say “he incurred a fine;” instead of “he was blamed,” “he incurred anger.” Kĕna also means to touch, strike, hit, affect. Kĕna apa? “affected by what?” is frequently pronounced as a single word, kenapa, meaning “why?”
He was prosecuted— Dia kĕna bichara.
They were sentenced to five years each— Kĕna hukum atas sa’orang lima tahun.
He incurred the displeasure of his father— Dia kĕna ka-marah-an deri-pada bapa-nia.
The axe slipped in his hand and took effect on the back of his leg— Ter lepas di tangan kapak itu, kĕna di bĕlakang kaki-nia.
Those who have not yet had small-pox— Orang yang belum kĕna ka-tumboh-an.4
If any one disobeys he will be fined five dollars— Kalau ada siapa ban tah nanti kĕna denda lima ringgit.
I have been cheated— Sahaya sudah kĕna tipu.
He has been found guilty— Dia sudah kĕna salah.
He died of a snake-bite— Dia mati kĕna pagut ular.
That won’t do (does not hit it)— Ta’ kĕna bagitu.
Don’t go there, you may be injured— Jangan pergi sana, barangkali kĕna satu apa-apa.
I am always catching cold— Salalu sahaya kĕna sardi.5
If the medicine does not take effect it is likely that the disease will take a long time to be cured (i.e., the patient will probably die)— Kalau tiada kĕna ubat-nia harus juga lambat baik penyakit itu.
4. The Malay word for small-pox differs in various localities. In Penang the common word is ka-tumboh-an (lit. eruption); in Malacca and Singapore, chachar; in Perak, si-tawar and sakit orang baik (lit. “disease of the good people,” a euphuism); in some parts of Borneo, puru nasi.
5. Sardi (Persian and Hindustani) is the word used by the Malays of Penang. Selesima and selimat generally mean more than a mere cold in the head.
Exercise.He died of a stab with a kris. He was put to great expense. The ship was damaged by striking on the rocks. They were fined twenty dollars each. It did not receive a single blemish. Those who disobey will be prosecuted. He was very severely beaten. What has happened to the dog that he limps like that? He has been robbed on the road. He suffered no small loss. That place won’t do. This letter has been blackened by fire. Yesterday he incurred his master’s anger.
LESSON X. On the Verbs Buleh, Bahagi, &c.The verbs buleh, can, or to be able; bahagi, to give (lit. to divide); kasih and bĕri, to give, grant; and biar, to permit, to suffer, are frequently used to govern other verbs, which they invariably precede.
Buleh is a contraction of ber-uleh, a verb formed from the preposition uleh, by, by means of. The primary meaning of ber-uleh or buleh is to obtain, effect, and hence it has come to mean “to be able.” The original sense of the word may be seen in such sentences as ber-uleh per-minta-an, to obtain (compliance with) a request; sudah-kah buleh anak? have you had a child?
Examples.How can one know?— Mana buleh tahu?
Can you read English?— Kamu buleh-kah mem-bacha surat Inggris?
It is not to be calculated— Tiada-lah buleh handak di-kira-kira lagi.
Every month I remind (give to remember) him— Tiap-tiap bulan ada hamba-tuan bĕri ingat.
To feed (lit. give to eat)— Bĕri makan.
Just read that and let me hear it— Choba bacha itu biar sahaya dengar.
I wished to speak to him, but they would not let me— Sahaya handak chakap dengan dia orang ta’ bahagi.
He informed (gave to know) the Penghulu— Dia bĕri tahu kapada Penghulu.
Send those people away— Kasih pulang orang-orang itu.
Let it fall— Biar jatoh.
Exercise.I cannot open the door. He tried to stab him, but could not touch him. Let him strike. Let the axe drop. His brother cannot understand the accounts. Let that child go back to the house. I wanted to give him a little tea, but they would not permit it. The raja sent (gave to go) messengers. He brought (gave to come) his wife and children. Can I live here? I have searched, but I cannot find it. He lets them come
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