An Elementary Study of Chemistry - William McPherson (best beach reads of all time .TXT) 📗
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Quinine. This alkaloid occurs along with a number of others in the bark of certain trees which grow in districts in South America and also in Java and other tropical islands. It is a white solid, and its sulphate is used in medicine in the treatment of fevers.
Morphine. When incisions are made in the unripe capsules of one of the varieties of the poppy plant, a milky juice exudes which soon thickens. This is removed and partially dried. The resulting substance is the ordinary opium which contains a number of alkaloids, the principal one being morphine. This alkaloid is a white solid and is of great service in medicine.
Among the other alkaloids may be mentioned the following: Nicotine, a very poisonous liquid, the salts of which occur in the leaves of the tobacco plant; cocaine, a crystalline solid present in coca leaves and used in medicine as a local anæsthetic; atropine, a solid present in the berry of the deadly nightshade, and used in the treatment of diseases of the eye; strychnine, a white, intensely poisonous solid present in the seeds of the members of the Strychnos family.
INDEXAcetaldehyde 405
Acetic acid 406
Acetone 411
Acetylene 203
series 399
Acids 106
binary 113
characteristics 106
definition 107
dibasic 159
familiar 106
monobasic 159
nomenclature 113
organic 405
preparation 141
strength 111
ternary 113
undissociated 107
Acker furnace, 279
Agate 260
Air 83
a mechanical mixture 89
carbon dioxide in 87
changes in composition 87
liquid 91
nitrogen in 87
oxygen in 85
poisonous effects of exhaled 88
properties 90
quantitative analysis of 85
regarded as an element 83
standard for density 229
water vapor in 87
Alabaster 308
Alchemists 9
Alchemy 9
Alcohol, common 402
denatured 404
ethyl 402
methyl 402
wood 402
Alcohols 401
Aldehydes 405
Alizarin 418
Alkali 107, 274
family 274
Alkaline-earth family 300
Alkaloids 418
Allotropic forms 22
Alloys 252
Alum 333
ammonium 334
ammonium chrome 384
ammonium iron 352
baking powders 335
potassium 333
potassium chrome 384
potassium iron 352
Aluminates 332
Aluminium 327
bronze 330, 359
chloride 333
family 327
hydroxide 332
metallurgy 328
occurrence 327
oxide 331
preparation 328
properties 329
silicates 335
uses 330
Amalgam 362
Amethyst 260, 331
Ammonia 123
composition 127
preparation 123
properties 124
uses 125
Ammonium 126
acid carbonate 295
carbonate 295
chloride 294
compounds 294
Ammonium hydrosulphide 296
hydroxide 126
molybdate 388
oxalate 407
sulphate 295
sulphide 295
sulphide, yellow 296
Analysis 40
Anhydride 135
carbonic 206
chromic 387
nitric 135
nitrous 135
phosphoric 243
sulphuric 153
Anhydrite 288
Aniline 417
Anion 106
Anode 99
Anthracene 418
Antimony 250
acids 251
alloys 253
chloride 252
metallic properties 252
occurrence 251
oxides 251
preparation 251
properties 251
sulphides 251
Apatite 175, 239, 311
Aqua ammonia 124
Aqua regia 185
Aqueous tension 25
Argon 80
Arsenic 246
acids 250
antidote 250
Marsh's test 248
occurrence 246
oxides 249
preparation 246
properties 247
sulphides 250
white 249
Arsenopyrites 246
Arsine 247
Asbestos 321, 336
Atmosphere 83
constituents 83
function of constituents 84
Atomic hypothesis 61
theory 59
and laws of matter 63
and radium 314
weights, 65
accurate determination 231
and general properties 167
and specific heats 233
calculation of 231
Dalton's method 223
direct determination 233
from molecular weights 230
relation to equivalent 224
standard for 66
steps in determining 224
Atoms 62
size 65
Atropine 419
Aurates 396
Avogadro's hypothesis 226
and chemical calculations 235
and molecular weights 227
Azote 78
Azurite 357
Babbitt metal 253
Bacteria 85
decomposition of organic matter by 122
nitrifying 85
Baking powders 285, 408
alum 335
soda 285
Barium 312
chloride 313
nitrate 313
oxides 312
sulphate 313
Barytes 312
Bases 107
characteristics 107
definition 108
familiar 107
nomenclature 113
organic 412
strength 113
undissociated 108
Basic lining process 346
Bauxite 332
Beer 404
Benzene 417
derivatives 417
series 399
Benzine 400
Bessemer process 345
Bismuth 253
basic salts 255
chloride 253
nitrate 253
occurrence 253
oxides 254
preparation 253
salts, hydrolysis of 254
subnitrate 256
uses 253
Bismuthyl chloride 256
Blast furnace 341
lamp 38
Bleaching powder 306
Bleaching by chlorine 181
by sulphurous acid 152
Boiler scale 320
Bone ash 311
Bone black 200
Borax 265
bead 266
Bornite 357
Boron 257, 264
acids 265
fluoride 264
hydride 264
occurrence 264
oxides 264
preparation 264
properties 264
Brass 323
Bread making 416
Bromides 190
Bromine 187
occurrence 187
oxygen compounds 190
preparation 187
properties 188
Bronze 359
aluminium 330, 359
Butter fat 410
Butyric acid 407
By-product 284
Cadmium 325
compounds 326
Cæsium 294
Calamine 321
Calcite 305
Calcium 301
carbide 203, 310
carbonate 305
chloride 306
fluoride 308
hydroxide 303
occurrence 301
oxide 302
phosphate 246, 311
preparation 302
sulphate 308
Calomel 363
Calorie 76
Caramel 414
Carbohydrates 413
Carbolic acid 417
Carbon 196
allotropic forms 196
amorphous 198
compounds 196
crystalline forms 197
cycle in nature 88
dioxide 204
and bases 206
and plant life 88
in air 87
occurrence 204
preparation 204
properties 204
solid 204
disulphide 160, 210
family 196
hydrogen compounds 201
monoxide 208
occurrence 196
oxides 203
properties 200
pure 198
retort 199
uses 200
Carbonates 207
acid 207
Carbonic acid 206
Carborundum 259
Carnallite 288
Casein 414
Cassiterite 370
Catalysis 153
Catalyzers 153
Cathode 99
Cation 106
Caustic potash 288
soda 278
Celestite 312
Celluloid 415
Cellulose 415
Cement 304
Ceramic industries 336
Cerium 377
Chalcedony 260
Chalcocite 357
Chalcopyrite 357
Chalk 305
Chamber acid 157
Changes, physical and chemical 2
Charcoal 199
Chemical affinity 12
changes 2
compounds 7
equilibrium 128
properties 3
Chemistry, definition 4
Chili saltpeter 191, 285
Chinaware 336
Chloric acid 187
Chlorides 186
Chlorine 177
bleaching action 181
chemical properties 180
family 174
historical 177
occurrence 178
oxides 187
oxygen acids 187
preparation 178
properties 179
Chloroform 401
Chloroplatinic acid 393
Chlorous acid 187
Chromates 385
Chrome alum 384
Chromic acid 388
anhydride 387
chloride 383
hydroxide 383
sulphate 384
sulphide 384
Chromite 383
Chromium 383
a base-forming element 383
an acid-forming element 385
occurrence 383
Cinnabar 363
Citric acid 408
Clay 336
Coal 199
gas 217
products 400
tar 218
Cobalt 354
compounds 354
Cocaine 419
Coke 199
Collodion
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