The Chinese Classics - James Legge (free novels .txt) 📗

to administer stern justice with such a spirit of benevolence as to disarm resentment.

23. Shang Chu is followed by Ch’i-tiao K’ai [prop. Ch’i], styled Tsze-k’ai, Tsze-zo, and Tsze-hsiu (��������� [pr. ���], ���������, ������, and ���������), a native of Ts’ai (���), or according to Chang Hsuan, of Lu. We only know him as a reader of the Shu-ching, and refusing to go into office.

24. Kung-po Liao, styled Tsze-chau (���������, ���������). He appears in the Analects, XIV. xxxiii, slandering Tsze-lu. It is doubtful whether he should have a place among the disciples.

25. Sze-ma Kang, styled Tsze-niu (���������, ���������), follows Ch’i-tiao K’ai; also styled ������. He was a great talker, a native of Sung, and a brother of Hwan T’ui, to escape from whom seems to have been the labour of his life.

26. The place next Kao Ch’ai is occupied by Fan Hsu, styled Tsze-ch’ih (��� ���, ���������), a native of Ch’i, or, according to others, of Lu, and whose age is given as thirty-six and forty-six years younger than Confucius. When young, he distinguished himself in a military command under the Chi family.

27. Yu Zo, styled Tsze-zo (������, ���������). He was a native of Lu, and his age is stated very variously. He was noted among the disciples for his great memory and fondness for antiquity. After the death of Confucius, the rest of the disciples, because of some likeness in Zo’s speech to the Master, wished to render the same observances to him which they had done to Confucius, but on Tsang Shan’s demurring to the thing, they abandoned the purpose. The tablet of Tsze-zo is now the sixth, east among ‘The Wise Ones,’ to which place it was promoted in the third year of Ch’ien-lung of the present dynasty. This was done in compliance with a memorial from the president of one of the Boards, who said he was moved by a dream to make the request. We may suppose that his real motives were a wish to do Justice to the merits of Tsze-zo, and to restore the symmetry of the tablets in the ‘Hall of the

Great and Complete One,’ which had been disturbed by the introduction of the tablet of Chu Hsi in the preceding reign.

28. Kung-hsi Ch’ih, styled Tsze-hwa (���������, ���������), a native of Lu, younger than Confucius by forty-two years, whose place is the fourth, west, in the outer court. He was noted for his knowledge of ceremonies, and the other disciples devolved on him all the arrangements about the funeral of the Master.

29. Wu-ma Shih [or Ch’i], styled Tsze-Ch’i (��������� [al. ���], ��������� [al. ������]), a native of Ch’an, or, according to Chang Hsuan, of Lu, thirty years younger than Confucius. His tablet is on the east, next to that of Sze-ma Kang. It is related that on one occasion, when Confucius was about to set out with a company of the disciples on a walk or journey, he told them to take umbrellas. They met with a heavy shower, and Wu-ma asked him, saying, ‘There were no clouds in the morning; but after the sun had risen, you told us to take umbrellas. How did you know that it would rain?’ Confucius said, ‘The moon last evening was in the constellation Pi, and is it not said in the Shih-ching, “When the moon is in Pi, there will be heavy rain?” It was thus I knew it.’

30. Liang Chan [al. Li], styled Shu-yu (������ [al. ���] ���������), occupies the eighth place, west, among the tablets of the outer court. He was a man of Ch’i, and his age is stated as twenty-nine and thirty-nine years younger than Confucius. The following story is told in connexion with him.— When he was thirty, being disappointed that he had no son, he was minded to put away his wife. ‘Do not do so,’ said Shang Chu to him. ‘I was thirty-eight before I had a son, and my mother was then about to take another wife for me, when the Master proposed sending me to Ch’i. My mother was unwilling that I should go, but Confucius said, ‘Don’t be anxious. Chu will have five sons after he is forty.’ It has turned out so, and I apprehend it is your fault, and not your wife’s, that you have no son yet.’ Chan took this advice, and in the second year after, he had a son.

31. Yen Hsing [al. Hsin, Liu, and Wei], styled Tsze-liu (������ [al. ���, ���, and ���], ���������), occupies the place, east, after Wu-ma Shih. He was a native of Lu, and forty-six years younger than Confucius.

32. Liang Chan is followed on the west by Zan Zu, styled Tsze-lu [al. Tsze-tsang and Tsze-yu] (������ [al. ���] ���*������ [al. ������

* Digitizer’s note: This is ��� in the source text; I have corrected what is an obvious misprint.

and ������]), a native of Lu, and fifty years younger than Confucius.

33. Yen Hsing is followed on the east by Ts’ao Hsu, styled Tsze-hsun (��� ���, ���������), a native of Ts’ai, fifty years younger than Confucius.

34. Next on the west is Po Ch’ien, styled Tsze-hsi, or, in the current copies of the ‘Narratives of the School,’ Tsze-ch’iai (������, ��������� [al. ��� ���] or ������), a native of Lu, fifty years younger than Confucius.

35. Following Tsze-hsun is Kung-sun Lung [al. Ch’ung] styled Tsze-shih (��������� [al. ���], ���������), whose birth is assigned by different writers to Wei, Ch’u, and Chao (���). He was fifty-three years younger than Confucius. We have the following account:— ‘Tsze-kung asked Tsze-shih, saying, “Have you not learned the Book of’ Poetry?” Tsze-shih replied, “What leisure have I to do so? My parents require me to be filial; my brothers require me to be submissive; and my friends require me to be sincere. What leisure have I for anything else?” “Come to my Master,” said Tsze-kung, “and learn of him.”’

Sze-ma Ch’ien here observes: ‘Of the thirty-five disciples which precede, we have some details. Their age and other particulars are found in the Books and Records. It is not so, however, in regard to the fifty-two which follow.’

36. Zan Chi, styled Tsze-ch’an [al. Chi-ch’an and Tsze-ta] (������, ������ ��� [al. ������ and ������), a native of Lu, whose place is the 11th, west, next to Po Ch’ien.

37. Kung-tsu Kau-tsze or simply Tsze, styled Tsze-chih (������������ [or simply ���], ���������), a native of Lu. His tablet is the 23rd, east, in the outer court.

38. Ch’in Tsu, styled Tsze-nan (������, ���������), a native of Ch’in. His tablet precedes that of the last, two places.

39. Ch’i-tiao Ch’ih, styled Tsze-lien (��������� [al. ���], ���������), a native of Lu. His tablet is the 13th, west.

40. Yen Kao, styled Tsze-chiao (���������������). According to the ‘Narratives of the School,’ he was the same as Yen K’o (���, or ���), who drove the carriage when Confucius rode in Wei after the duke and Nan-tsze. But this seems doubtful. Other

authorities make his name Ch’an (���), and style him Tsze-tsing (������). His tablet is the 13th, east.

41. Ch’i-tiao Tu-fu [al. . Ts’ung], styled Tsze-yu, Tsze-ch’i, and Tsze-wan (������������ [al. ���], ��������� or ������ [al. ������ and ������]), a native of Lu, whose tablet precedes that of Ch’i-tiao Ch’ih.

42. Zang Sze-ch’ih, styled Tsze-t’u, or Tsze-ts’ung (��� [al. ���] ������, ��� ������ [al. ������]), a native of Ch’in. Some consider Zang-sze (������) to be a double surname. His tablet comes after that of No. 40.

43. Shang Chai, styled Tsze-Ch’i and Tsze-hsiu (������, ��������� [al. ������ ]), a native of Lu. His tablet is immediately after that of Fan Hsu, No. 26.

44. Shih Tso [al. Chih and Tsze]-shu, styled Tsze-ming (������ [al. ��� and ���], ���, ���������). Some take Shih-tso (������) as a double surname. His tablet follows that of No. 42.

45. Zan Pu-ch’i, styled Hsuan (���������, ������), a native of Ch’u, whose tablet is next to that of No. 28.

46. Kung-liang Zu, styled Tsze-chang (��������� [al. ���], ���������), a native of Ch’in, follows the preceding in the temples. The ‘Sacrificial Canon’ says:— ‘Tsze-chang was a man of worth and bravery. When Confucius was surrounded and stopped in P’u, Tsze-chang fought so desperately, that the people of P’u were afraid, and let the Master go, on his swearing that he would not proceed to Wei.’

47. Hau [al. Shih] Ch’u [al. Ch’ien], styled Tsze-li [al. Li-ch’ih] (��� [al. ���] ��� [al. ���], ��������� [al. ������]), a native of Ch’i, having his tablet the 17th, east.

48. Ch’in Zan, styled K’ai (������, ������), a native of Ts’ai. He is not given in the list of the ‘Narratives of the School,’ and on this account his tablet was put out of the temples in the ninth year of Chia-tsing. It was restored, however, in the second year of Yung-chang, A.D. 1724, and is the 33rd, east, in the outer court.

49. Kung-hsia Shau, styled Shang [and Tsze-shang] (��������� [al. ���], ������ [and ������]), a native of Lu, whose tablet is next to that of No. 44.

50. Hsi Yung-tien [or simply Tien], styled Tsze-hsi [al. Tsze-chieh and Tsze-ch’ieh] (��������� [or ���], ��������� [al. ������ and ������]), a native of Wei, having his tablet the 18th, east.

51. Kung Chien-ting [al. Kung Yu], styled Tsze-chung (������ [al. ���] ��� [al. ������], ��������� [al. ��� and ���]). His nativity is assigned to Lu, to Wei, and to Tsin (���). He follows No. 46.

52. Yen Tsu [al. Hsiang], styled Hsiang and Tsze-hsiang (������ [al. ���], ������, and ������), a native of Lu, with his tablet following that of No. 50.

53. Chiao Tan [al. Wu], styled Tsze-kea (������ [al. ������], ���������), a native of Lu. His place is next to that of No. 51.

54. Chu [al. Kau] Tsing-ch’iang [and simply Tsing], styled Tsze-ch’iang [al. Tsze-chieh and Tsze-mang] (��� [al. ��� and ���] ������ [and simply ���], ��������� [al. ������ and ������]), a native of Wei, following No. 52.

55. Han [al. Tsai]-fu Hei, styled Tsze-hei [al. Tsze-so and Tsze-su] (��� [al. ���] ������, ��������� [al. ������ and ������]), a native of Lu, whose tablet is next to that of No. 53.

56. Ch’in Shang, styled Tsze-p’ei [al. P’ei-tsze and Pu-tsze] (������, ��� ������ [al. ������ and ������]), a native of Lu, or, according to Chang Hsuan, of Ch’u. He was forty years younger than Confucius. One authority, however, says he was only four years younger, and that his father and Confucius’s father were both celebrated for their strength. His tablet is the 12th, east.

57. Shin Tang, styled Chau (������������). In the ‘Narratives of the School’ there is a Shin Chi, styled Tsze-chau (������, ���������). The name is given by others as T’ang (��� and ���) and Tsu (���), with the designation Tsze-tsu (������ ). These are probably the same person mentioned in the Analects as Shin Ch’ang (������). Prior to the Ming dynasty they were sacrificed to as two, but in A.D. 1530, the name Tang was expunged from the sacrificial list, and only that of Ch’ang left. His tablet is the 31st, east.

58. Yen Chih-p’o, styled Tsze-shu [or simply Shu] (���������, ��������� [or simply ���]), a native of Lu, who occupies the 29th place, east.

59. Yung Ch’i, styled Tsze-ch’i [al. Tsze-yen] (������ [or ���], ��������� or ������ [al. ������]), a native of Lu, whose tablet is the 20th, west.

* Digitizer’s note: The actual variant used by Legge is (������������).

60. Hsien Ch’ang, styled Tsze-ch’i [al. Tsze-hung] (������, ��������� [al. ������]), a native of Lu. His place is the 22nd, east.

61. Tso Zan-ying [or simply Ying], styled Hsing and Tsze-hsing (��������� [or simply ���], ������ and ������), a native of Lu. His tablet follows that of No. 59.

62. Yen Chi, styled An [al. Tsze-sze] (������ [or ���], ������ [al. ������) a native of Ch’in. His tablet is the 24th east.

63: Chang Kwo, styled Tsze-t’u (������, ���������), a native of Lu. This is understood to be the same with the