The Chinese Classics - James Legge (free novels .txt) 📗

Hsieh Pang, styled Tsze-ts’ung (������, ��� ������), of the ‘Narratives of the School.’ His tablet follows No. 61.

64. Ch’in Fei, styled Tsze-chih (������, ���������), a native of Lu, having his tablet the 31st, west.

65. Shih Chih-ch’ang, styled Tsze-hang [al. ch’ang] (���������, ��������� [al. ���]), a native of Lu. His tablet is the 30th, east.

66. Yen K’wai, styled Tsze-shang (������, ���������), a native of Lu. His tablet is the next to that of No. 64.

67. Pu Shu-shang, styled Tsze-ch’e (��������� [in the ‘Narratives of the School’ we have an old form of ���], ���������), a native of Ch’i. Sometimes for Pu (���) we find Shao (���). His tablet is the 30th, west.

68. Yuan K’ang, styled Tsze-chi (������, ���������), a native of Lu. Sze-ma Ch’ien calls him Yuan K’ang-chi, not mentioning any designation. The ‘Narratives of the School’ makes him Yuan K’ang (���), styled Chi. His tablet is the 23rd, west.

69. Yo K’o [al. Hsin], styled Tsze-shang (������, [al. ���], ���������), a native of Lu. His tablet is the 25th, east.

70. Lien Chieh, styled Yung and Tsze-yung [al. Tsze-ts’ao] (������, ��� ��� and ������ [al. ������), a native of Wei, or of Ch’i. His tablet is next to that of No. 68.

71. Shu-chung Hui [al. K’wai], styled Tsze-ch’i (��������� [al. ���], ���������), a native of Lu, or, according to Chang Hsuan, of Tsin. He was younger than Confucius by fifty-four years. It is said that he and another youth, called K’ung Hsuan (������), attended by turns with their pencils, and acted as amanuenses to the sage, and when Mang Wu-po expressed a doubt of their competency, Confucius declared his satisfaction with them. He follows Lien Chieh in the temples.

72. Yen Ho, styled Zan (������, ������), a native of Lu. The present copies of the ‘Narratives of the School’ do not contain his name, and in A.D. 1588 Zan was displaced from his place in the temples. His tablet, however, has been restored during the present dynasty. It is the 33rd, west.

73. Ti Hei, styled Che [al. Tsze-che and Che-chih] (������, ������ [al. ������ and ������]), a native of Wei, or of Lu. His tablet is the 26th, east.

74. Kwei [al. Pang] Sun, styled Tsze-lien [al. Tsze-yin] (��� (kui1 ������������) [al. ���] ���, ��������� [al. ������]), a native of Lu. His tablet is the 27th, west.

75. K’ung Chung, styled Tsze-mieh (������, ���������). This was the son, it is said, of Confucius’s elder brother, the cripple Mang-p’i. His tablet is next to that of No. 73. His sacrificial title is ‘The ancient Worthy, the philosopher Mieh.’

76. Kung-hsi Yu-zu [al. Yu], styled Tsze-shang (������������ [al. ��� ], ���������), a native of Lu. His place is the 26th, west.

77. Kung-hsi Tien, styled Tsze-shang (��������� [or ���], ��������� [al. ������ ]), a native of Lu. His tablet is the 28th, east.

78. Ch’in Chang [al. Lao], styled Tsze-k’ai (������ [al. ���], ���������), a native of Wei. His tablet is the 29th, west.

79. Ch’an K’ang, styled Tsze-k’ang [al. Tsze-ch’in] (������, ��������� [al. ������]), a native of Ch’an. See notes on Ana. I. x.

80. Hsien Tan [al. Tan-fu and Fang], styled Tsze-hsiang (������ [al. ������ and ���], ���������), a native of Lu. Some suppose that this is the same as No. 53. The advisers of the present dynasty in such matters, however, have considered them to be different, and in 1724, a tablet was assigned to Hsien Tan, the 34th, west.

The three preceding names are given in the ‘Narratives of the School.’

The research of scholars has added about twenty others.

81. Lin Fang, styled Tsze-ch’iu (������, ���������), a native of Lu. The only thing known of him is from the Ana. III. iv. His tablet was displaced under the Ming, but has been restored by the present dynasty. It is the first, west.

82. Chu Yuan, styled Po-yu (������, ���������), an officer of Wei, and, as appears from the Analects and Mencius, an intimate

friend of Confucius. Still his tablet has shared the same changes as that of Lin Fang. It is now the first, east.

83 and 84. Shan Ch’ang (������) and Shan T’ang (������). See No. 57.

85. Mu P’i (������), mentioned by Mencius, VII. Pt. II. xxxvii. 4. His entrance into the temple has been under the present dynasty. His tablet is the 34th, east.

86. Tso Ch’iu-ming or Tso-ch’iu Ming (���������) has the 32nd place, east. His title was fixed in A.D. 1530 to be ‘The Ancient Scholar,’ but in 1642 it was raised to that of ‘Ancient Worthy.’ To him we owe the most distinguished of the annotated editions of the Ch’un Ch’iu. But whether he really was a disciple of Confucius, and in personal communication with him, is much debated.

The above are the only names and surnames of those of the disciples who now share in the sacrifices to the sage. Those who wish to exhaust the subject, mention in addition, on the authority of Tso Ch’iu-ming, Chung-sun Ho-chi (������������), a son of Mang Hsi (see p. 63), and Chung-sun Shwo (������ ���), also a son of Mang Hsi, supposed by many to be the same with No. 17; Zu Pei, (������), mentioned in the Analects, XVII. xx, and in the Li Chi, XVIII. Sect. II. ii. 22; Kung-wang Chih-ch’iu (������������) and Hsu Tien (������), mentioned in the Li Chi, XLIII. 7; Pin-mau Chia (���������), mentioned in the Li Chi, XVII. iii. 16; K’ung Hsuan (������) and Hai Shu-lan (���������), on the authority of the ‘Narratives of the School;’ Ch’ang Chi (������), mentioned by Chwang-tsze; Chu Yu (������), mentioned by Yen-tsze (������); Lien Yu (������) and Lu Chun (������), on the authority of ������������; and finally Tsze-fu Ho (��� ������), the Tsze-fu Ching-po (������������) of the Analects, XIV. xxxviii.

CHAPTER VI.

LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL WORKS WHICH HAVE BEEN CONSULTED IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS VOLUME.

SECTION I.

CHINESE WORKS, WITH BRIEF NOTICES.

���������������, ‘The Thirteen Ching, with Commentary and Explanations.’ This is the great repertory of ancient lore upon the Classics. On the Analects, it contains the ‘Collection of Explanations of the Lun Yu,’ by Ho Yen and others (see p. 19), and ‘The Correct Meaning,’ or Paraphrase of Hsing Ping (see p. 20). On the Great Learning and the Doctrine of the Mean, it contains the comments and glosses of Chang Hsuan, and of K’ung Ying-ta (���������) of the T’ang dynasty.

������������������������, ‘A new edition of the Four Books, Punctuated and Annotated, for Reading.’ This work was published in the seventh year of Tao-kwang (1827) by a Kao Lin (������). It is the finest edition of the Four Books which I have seen, in point of typographical execution. It is indeed a volume for reading. It contains the ordinary ‘Collected Comments’ of Chu Hsi on the Analects, and his ‘Chapters and Sentences’ of the Great Learning and Doctrine of the Mean. The editor’s own notes are at the top and bottom of the page, in rubric.

������������������������, ‘The Proper Meaning of the Four Books as determined by Chu Hsi, Compared with, and Illustrated from, other Commentators.’ This is a most voluminous work, published in the tenth year of Ch’ien-lung, A.D. 1745, by Wang Pu-ch’ing (���������), a member of the Han-lin College. On the Great Learning and the Doctrine of the Mean, the ‘Queries’ (������) addressed to Chu Hsi and his replies are given in the same text as the standard commentary.

������������������, ‘The Four Books, Text and Commentary, with Proofs and Illustrations.’ The copy of this Work which I have was edited by a Wang T’ing-chi (���������), in the third

year of Chia-ch’ing, A.D. 1798. It may be called a commentary on the commentary. The research in all matters of Geography, History, Biography, Natural History, &c., is immense.

������������������, ‘A Collection of the most important Comments of Scholars on the Four Books.’ By Li P’ei-lin (���������); published in the fifty-seventh K’ang-hsi year, A.D. 1718. This Work is about as voluminous as the ������, but on a different plan. Every chapter is preceded by a critical discussion of its general meaning, and the logical connexion of its several paragraphs. This is followed by the text, and Chu Hsi’s standard commentary. We have then a paraphrase, full and generally perspicuous. Next, there is a selection of approved comments, from a great variety of authors; and finally, the reader finds a number of critical remarks and ingenious views, differing often from the common interpretation, which are submitted for his examination.

������������������, ‘A Supplemental Commentary, and Literary Discussions, on the Four Books.’ By Chang Chan-t’ao [al. T’i-an] (��������� [al. ������]), a member of the Han-lin college, in the early part, apparently, of the reign of Ch’ien-lung. The work is on a peculiar plan. The reader is supposed to be acquainted with Chu Hsi’s commentary, which is not given; but the author generally supports his views, and defends them against the criticisms of some of the early scholars of this dynasty. His own exercitations are of the nature of essays more than of commentary. It is a book for the student who is somewhat advanced, rather than for the learner. I have often perused it with interest and advantage.

������������������, ‘The Four Books, according to the Commentary, with Paraphrase.’ Published in the eighth year of Yung Chang, A.D. 1730, by Wang Fu [al. K’eh-fu] (������ [al. ������]). Every page is divided into two parts. Below, we have the text and Chu Hsi’s commentary. Above, we have an analysis of every chapter, followed by a paraphrase of the several paragraphs. To the paraphrase of each paragraph are subjoined critical notes, digested from a great variety of scholars, but without the mention of their names. A list of 116 is given who are thus laid under contribution. In addition, there are maps and illustrative figures at the commencement; and to each Book there are prefixed biographical notices, explanations of peculiar allusions, &c.

������������������������������, ‘The Four Books, with a

Complete Digest of Supplements to the Commentary, and additional Suggestions. A new edition, with Additions.’ By Tu Ting-chi (���������). Published A.D. 1779. The original of this Work was by Tang Lin (������), a scholar of the Ming dynasty. It is perhaps the best of all editions of the Four Books for a learner. Each page is divided into three parts. Below, is the text divided into sentences and members of sentences, which are followed by short glosses. The text is followed by the usual commentary, and that by a paraphrase, to which are subjoined the Supplements and Suggestions. The middle division contains a critical analysis of the chapters and paragraphs; and above, there are the necessary biographical and other notes.

���������������, ‘The Four Books, with the Relish of the Radical Meaning.’ This is a new Work, published in 1852. It is the production of Chin Ch’ang, styled Chi’u-t’an (������, ���������), an officer and scholar, who, returning, apparently to Canton province, from the North in 1836, occupied his retirement with reviewing his literary studies of former years, and employed his sons to transcribe his notes. The writer is fully up in all the commentaries on the Classics, and pays particular attention to the labours of the scholars of the present dynasty. To the Analects, for instance, there is prefixed Chiang Yung’s History of Confucius, with criticisms on it by the author himself. Each chapter is preceded by a critical analysis. Then follows the text with the standard commentary, carefully divided into sentences, often with glosses, original and selected, between them. To the commentary there succeeds a paraphrase, which is not copied by the author from those of his predecessors. After the paraphrase we have Explanations (���). The book is beautifully printed, and in small type, so that it is really a multum in parvo, with considerable freshness.

������������������, ‘A Paraphrase for Daily Lessons, Explaining the Meaning of the Four Books.’ This work was produced in 1677, by a department of the members of the Han-lin college, in obedience to an imperial rescript.