Anecdotes of Painters, Engravers, Sculptors and Architects and Curiosities of Art (Vol. 3 of 3) - S. Spooner (ap literature book list .TXT) 📗

became inflamed with such an ardent desire

to see it, that he set off immediately, on foot, to Cortona, dressed as

he was in his mantle, hood, and wooden shoes, without communicating his

purpose to any one. Finding that Donatello had not been too lavish of

his praise, he drew the vase, returned to Florence, and surprised his

friends with the accurate drawing he had made, before they knew of his

departure, they believing that he must be occupied with his inventions.

This urn, or funeral vase, according to the Florentine editors of

Vasari, is still in the Cathedral of Cortona. The sculptures represent

the Battle of the Centaurs and Lapithæ, or as some say, a Warlike

Expedition of Bacchus. The design and workmanship are exquisite. It was

found in a field without the city, and almost close to the Cathedral.

 

 

 

 

BRUNELLESCHI AND DONATELLO.

 

 

"Among other works," says Vasari, "Donato received an order for a

crucifix in wood, for the church of Santa Croce at Florence, on which he

bestowed extraordinary labor. When the work was completed, believing

himself to have produced an admirable thing, he showed it to Filippo di

Ser Brunellesco, his most intimate friend, desiring to have his opinion

of it. Filippo, who had expected from the words of Donato, to see a much

finer production, smiled somewhat as he regarded it, and Donato seeing

this, entreated him by the friendship existing between them, to say what

he thought of it. Whereupon Filippo, who was exceedingly frank, replied

that Donatello appeared to him to have placed a clown on the cross, and

not a figure resembling that of Jesus Christ, whose person was

delicately beautiful, and in all parts the most perfect form of man that

had ever been born. Donato hearing himself censured where he had

expected praise, and more hurt than he was perhaps willing to admit,

replied, 'If it were as easy to execute a work as to judge it, my figure

would appear to thee to be Christ and not a boor; but take wood, and try

to make one thyself.' Filippo, without saying anything more, returned

home, and set to work on a crucifix, wherein he labored to surpass

Donato, that he might not be condemned by his own judgment; but he

suffered no one to know what he was doing. At the end of some months,

the work was completed to the height of perfection, and this done,

Filippo one morning invited Donato to dine with him, and the latter

accepted the invitation. Thereupon, as they were proceeding together

towards the house of Filippo, they passed by the Mercato Vecchio, where

the latter purchased various articles, and giving them to Donato, said,

'Do thou go forward with these things to the house, and wait for me

there; I'll be after thee in a moment.' Donato, therefore, having

entered the house, had no sooner done so than he saw the crucifix, which

Filippo had placed in a suitable light. Stopping short to examine the

work, he found it so perfectly executed, that feeling himself conquered,

full of astonishment, and, as it were startled out of himself, he

dropped the hands which were holding up his apron, wherein he had placed

the purchases, when the whole fell to the ground, eggs, cheese, and

other things, all broken to pieces and mingled together. But Donato, not

recovering from his astonishment, remained still gazing in amazement and

like one out of his wits when Filippo arrived, and inquired, laughing,

'What hast thou been about, Donato? and what dost thou mean us to have

for dinner, since thou hast overturned everything?' 'I, for my part,'

replied Donato, 'have had my share of dinner for to-day; if thou must

needs have thine, take it. But enough said: to thee it has been given to

represent Christ; to me, boors only.'" This crucifix now adorns the

altar of the chapel of the Gondi.

 

 

 

 

DONATELLO.

 

 

This old Florentine sculptor was born in 1383. He was the first of the

moderns who forsook the stiff and gothic manner, and endeavored to

restore to sculpture the grace and beauty of the antique. He executed a

multitude of works in wood, marble and bronze, consisting of images,

statues, busts, basso-relievos, monuments, equestrian statues, etc.

which gained him great reputation, and some of which are much esteemed

at the present day. He was much patronized by Cosmo de' Medici, and his

son Pietro.

 

Among Donatello's principal works, are three statues, each three braccia

and a half high, (Vasari erroneously says four, and each five braccia

high), for the façade of the church of Santa Maria del Fiore, which

faces the Campanile. They represent St. John; David, called Lo Zuccone

(so called, because bald-headed); and Solomon, or as some say, the

prophet Jeremiah. The Zuccone is considered the most extraordinary and

the most beautiful work ever produced by Donatello, who, while working

on it, was so delighted with his success, that he frequently exclaimed,

"Speak then! why wilt thou not speak?" Whenever he wished to affirm a

thing in a manner that should preclude all doubt, he would say, "By the

faith I place in my Zuccone."

 

 

 

 

DONATELLO AND THE MERCHANT.

 

 

A rich Genoese merchant commissioned Donatello to execute his bust in

bronze, of life size. When the work was completed, it was pronounced a

capital performance, and Cosmo de' Medici, who was the friend of both

parties, caused it to be placed in the upper court of the palace,

between the battlements which overlook the street, that it might be seen

by the citizens. When the merchant, unacquainted with the value of such

works, came to pay for it, the price demanded appeared to him so

exorbitant that he refused to take it, whereupon the mutter was referred

to Cosmo. When the latter sought to settle the difference, he found the

offer of the merchant to be very far from the just demand of Donatello,

and turning towards him, observed that he offered too small

compensation. The merchant replied that Donatello could have made it in

a month, and would thus be gaining half a florin a day (about one

dollar). Donatello, disgusted and stung with rage, told the merchant

that he had found means in the hundredth part of an hour to destroy the

whole labor and cures of a year, and knocked the bust out of the window,

which was dashed to pieces on the pavement below, observing, at the same

time, that "it was evident he was better versed in bargaining for

horse-beans than in purchasing statues." The merchant now ashamed of his

conduct, and regretting what had happened, offered him double his price

if he would reconstruct the bust,--but Donatello, though poor, flatly

refused to do it on any terms, even at the request of Cosmo himself.

 

 

 

 

DONATELLO AND HIS KINSMAN.

 

 

When Donatello was very sick, certain of his kinsfolk, who were well to

do in the world, but had not visited him in many years, went to condole

with him in his last illness. Before they left, they told him it was

his duty to leave to them a small farm which he had in the territories

of Prato, and this they begged very earnestly, though it was small and

produced a very small income. Donatello, perceiving the motive of their

visit, thus rebuked them: "I cannot content you in this matter, kinsmen,

because I resolve--and it appears to me just and proper--to leave the

farm to the poor husbandman who has always tilled it, and who has

bestowed great labor on it; not to you, who without ever having done

anything for it, or for me, but only thought of obtaining it, now come

with this visit of yours, desiring that I should leave it to you. Go!

and the Lord be with you."

 

 

 

 

DEATH OF DONATELLO.

 

 

Donatello died on the 13th of December, 1466. He was buried with great

pomp and solemnity in the church of San Lorenzo, near the tomb of Cosmo,

as he himself had commanded (for he had purchased the right), "to the

end," as he said, "that his body might be near him when dead, as his

spirit had ever been near him when in life." Bottari observes that

another reason for his choice of San Lorenzo, may have been that many of

his works were in that church.

 

 

 

 

DONATELLO AND MICHAEL ANGELO COMPARED.

 

 

"I will not omit to mention," says Vasari, "that the most learned and

very reverend Don Vincenzio Borghini, of whom we have before spoken in

relation to other matters, has collected into a large book, innumerable

drawings of distinguished painters and sculptors, ancient as well as

modern, and among these are two drawings on two leaves opposite to each

other, one of which is by Donato, and the other by Michael Angelo

Buonarroti. On these he has with much judgment inscribed the two Greek

mottos which follow; on the drawing of Donato, "[Greek: Ê Donatos

Bonarrotixei]," and on that of Michael Angelo, "[Greek: Ê Bonarrotos

Donatixei]," which in Latin ran thus: _Aut Donatus Bonarrotom exprimit et

refert, aut Bonarrotus Donatum_; and in our language they mean, 'Either

the spirit of Donato worked in Buonarroti, or that of Buonarroti first

acted in Donato.'"

 

 

 

 

SOFONISBA ANGUISCIOLA'S EARLY DISTINCTION.

 

 

This noble lady of Cremona (born about 1530), was one of six sisters,

all amiable, and much distinguished in arts and letters. She displayed a

taste for drawing at a very early age, and soon became the best pupil in

the school of Antonio Campi. One of her early sketches, of a boy caught

with his hand in the claw of a lobster, with a little girl laughing at

his plight, was in possession of Vasari, and by him esteemed worthy of a

place in a volume which he had filled with drawings by the most famous

masters of that great age. Portraiture was her chief study; and Vasari

commends a picture which he saw at her father's house, of three of the

sisters, and an ancient housekeeper of the family playing at chess, as a

work "painted with so much skill and care, that the figures wanted only

voice to appear alive." He also praises a portrait which she painted of

herself, and presented to Pope Julius III., who died in 1555, which

shows that she must have attracted the notice of princes while yet in

her girlhood. At Milan, whither she accompanied her father, she painted

the portrait of the Duke of Sessa, the Viceroy, who rewarded her with

four pieces of brocade and various rich gifts.

 

 

 

 

SOFONISBA'S VISIT TO SPAIN.

 

 

Her name having become famous in Italy, in 1559, the King of Spain

ordered the Duke of Alba, who was then at Rome, to invite her to the

court of Madrid. She arrived there in the same year, and was received

with great distinction, and lodged in the palace. Her first work was the

portrait of the king, who was so much pleased with the performance that

he rewarded her with a diamond worth 1500 ducats, and settled upon her a

pension of 200 ducats. Her next sitters were the young queen Elizabeth

of Valois, known in Spain as Isabel of the Peace, then in the bloom of

bridal beauty, and the unhappy boy, Don Carlos. By the desire of Pope

Pius IV., she made a second portrait of the Queen, sent to his Holiness

with a dutiful letter, which Vasari has preserved, as well as the

gracious reply of the pontiff, who assures her that her painting shall

be placed among his most precious treasures. Sofonisba held the post of

lady-in-waiting to the queen, and was for some time governess to her

daughter, the Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia,--an appointment which

proves that she must have resided in Spain for some time after 1566, the

year of that princess' birth.

 

 

 

 

SOFONISBA'S MARRIAGES.

 

 

Her royal patrons at last married their fair artist, now arrived to a

mature age, to Don Fabrizio de Moncada, a noble Sicilian, giving her a

dowry of 12,000 ducats and a pension of 1,000, besides many rich

presents in tapestries and jewels. The newly wedded pair retired to

Palermo, where the husband died some years after. Sofonisba was then

invited back to the court of Madrid, but excused herself on account of

her desire to see Cremona and her kindred once more. Embarking for this

purpose on board of a Genoese galley, she was entertained with such

gallant courtesy by the captain, Orazio Lomellini, one of the merchant

princes of the "city of Palaces," that she fell in love with him, and,

according to Soprani, offered him her hand in marriage, which he

accepted. On hearing of her second nuptials, their Catholic Majesties

added 400 crowns to her pension.

 

 

 

 

SOFONISBA'S RESIDENCE AT GENOA, AND HER INTERCOURSE WITH VANDYCK.

 

 

After her second marriage, Sofonisba continued to pursue the art at

Genoa, where her house became the resort of all the polished and

intellectual society of the Republic. The Empress of Germany paid her a

visit on her way to Spain, and accepted a little picture,--one