The Outline of History - H. G. Wells (most recommended books txt) 📗

Outline of History

 

Being a Plain History of Life and Mankind

 

By H. G. Wells

 

Dedication

 

This work is dedicated to the Public Domain by Norman M. Wolcott.

 

http://ftp.metalab.unc.edu/pub/docs/books/sherwood/Wells-Outline/Outline_of_History.htm

 

THE OUTLINE OF HISTORY

 

BEING A PLAIN HISTORY OF LIFE AND MANKIND

 

By H. G. Wells

 

WRITTEN ORIGINALLY WITH THE ADVICE AND

EDITORIAL HELP OF MR. ERNEST BARKER,

SIR H. H. JOHSTON, SIR E. RAY. LANKESTER, AND PROFESSOR GILBERT MURRAY,

AND ILLUSTRATED

BY J. F. HORRABIN

 

COMPLETE IN ONE VOLUME

 

Containing all maps, charts, illustrations, diagrams, etc. 1200 pages

 

GARDEN CITY PUBLISHING CO., INC.

 

GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK

 

(c) 1920 by H. G. Wells

 

Table of Contents

 

1.0 The Earth in Space and Time

 

2.0 The Record of the Rocks

 

2.1 The First Living Things

 

2.2 How Old is the World

 

3.0 Natural Selection and Changes of Species

 

4.0 The Invasion of the Dry Land by Life

 

4.1 Life and Water

 

4.2 The Earliest Animals

 

5.0 The Age of Reptiles

 

5.1 The Age of Lowland Life

 

5.2 Flying Dragons

 

5.3 The First Birds

 

5.4 An Age of Hardship and Death

 

5.5 The First Appearance of Fur and Feathers

 

6.0 The Age of Mammals

 

6.1 A New Age of Life

 

6.2 Tradition Comes Into the World

 

6.3 An Age of Brain Growth

 

6.4 The World Grows Hard Again

 

7.0 The Ancestry of Man

 

7.1 Man Descended From a Walking Ape

 

7.2 First Traces of Man-like Creatures

 

7.3 The Heidelberg Sub-Man

 

7.4 The Piltdown Sub-Man

 

8.0 The Neanderthal Man, an Extinct Race

 

8.1 The World 50,000 Years Ago

 

8.2 The Daily Life of the First Men

 

9.0 The Later Postglacial Paleolithic Men, the First True Men (Later Paleolithic Age)

 

9.1 The Coming of Men Like Ourselves

 

9.2 Hunters Give Place to Herdsmen

 

9.3 No Sub-men in America

 

10.0 Neolithic Man in Europe

 

10.1 The Age of Cultivation Begins

 

10.2 Where did the Neolithic Culture Arise

 

10.3 Everyday Neolithic Life

 

10.4 Primitive Trade

 

10.5 The Flooding of the Mediterranean Valley

 

11.0 Early Thought

 

11.1 Primitive Philosophy

 

11.2 The Old Man in Religion

 

11.3 Fear and Hope in Religion

 

11.4 Stars and Seasons

 

11.5 Story-telling and Myth-making

 

11.6 Complex Origins of Religion

 

12.0 The Races of Mankind

 

12.1 Is Mankind Still Differentiating?

 

12.2 The Main Races of Mankind

 

12.3 The Heliolithic Culture of Brunet Peoples

 

13.0 The Languages of Mankind

 

13.1 No One Primitive Language

 

13.2 The Aryan Languages

 

13.3 The Semitic Languages

 

13.4 The Hamitic Languages

 

13.5 The Ural-Altaic Languages

 

13.6 The Chinese Languages

 

13.7 Other Language Groups

 

13.8 A Possible Primitive Language Group

 

13.9 Some Isolated Languages

 

14.0 The First Civilizations

 

14.1 Early Cities and Early Nomads

 

14.2 Early Civilizations

 

14.2.1 The Sumerians

 

14.2.2 The Empire of Sargon the First

 

14.2.3 The Empire of Hammurabi

 

14.2.4 The Assyrians and their Empire

 

14.2.5 The Chaldean Empire

 

14.3 The Early History of Egypt

 

14.4 The Early Civilization of India

 

14.5 The Early History of China

 

14.6 While the Civilizations were Growing

 

15.0 Sea Peoples and Trading Peoples

 

15.1 The Earliest Ships and Sailors

 

15.2 The Aegean Cities before History

 

15.3 The First Voyages of Exploration

 

15.4 Early Traders

 

15.5 Early Travellers

 

16.0 Writing

 

16.1 Picture Writing

 

16.2 Syllable Writing

 

16.3 Alphabet Writing

 

16.4 The Place of Writing in Human Life

 

17.0 Gods and Stars, Priests and Kings

 

17.1 The Priest Comes into History

 

17.2 Priests and the Stars

 

17.3 Priests and the Dawn of Learning

 

17.4 Kings Against Priests

 

17.5 How Bel-Marduk Struggled Against the Kings

 

17.6 The God-Kings of Egypt

 

17.7 Shi Hwang-ti Destroys the Books

 

18.0 Serfs, Slaves, Social Classes and Free Individuals

 

18.1 The Common Man in Ancient Times

 

18.2 The Earliest Slaves

 

18.3 The First Independent Persons

 

18.4 Social Classes Three Thousand Years Ago

 

18.5 Classes Hardening into Castes

 

18.6 Caste in India

 

18.7 The System of the Mandarins

 

18.8 A Summary of Five Thousand Years

 

19.0 The Hebrew Scriptures and the Prophets

 

19.1 The Place of the Israelites in History

 

19.2 Saul, David, and Solomon

 

19.3 The Jews a People of Mixed Origin

 

19.4 The Importance of the Hebrew Prophets

 

20.0 The Aryan-speaking Peoples in Prehistoric Times

 

20.1 The Spreading of the Aryan Speakers

 

20.2 Primitive Aryan Life

 

20.3 Early Daily Aryan Life

 

21.0 The Greeks and the Persians

 

21.1 The Hellenic Peoples

 

21.2 Distinctive Features of Hellenic Civilization

 

21.3 Monarchy, Aristocracy and Democracy in Greece

 

21.4 The Kingdom of Lydia

 

21.5 The Rise of the Persians in the East

 

21.6 The Story of Croesus

 

21.7 Darius Invades Russia

 

21.8 The Battle of Marathon

 

21.9 Thermopylae and Salamis

 

21.10 Plataea and Mycale

 

22.0 Greek Thought in Relation to Human Society

 

22.1 The Athens of Pericles

 

22.2 Socrates

 

22.3 Plato and the Academy

 

22.4 Aristotle and the Lyceum

 

22.5 Philosophy Becomes Unworldly

 

22.6 The Quality and Limitations of Greek Thought

 

23.0 The Career of Alexander the Great

 

23.1 Philip of Macedonia

 

23.2 The Murder of King Philip

 

23.3 Alexander's First Conquests

 

23.4 The Wanderings of Alexander

 

23.5 Was Alexander Indeed Great?

 

23.6 The Successors of Alexander

 

23.7 Pergamum, A Refuge of Culture

 

23.8 Alexander as a Portent of World Unity

 

24.0 Science and Religion at Alexandria

 

24.1 The Science of Alexandria

 

24.2 The Philosphy of Alexandria

 

24.3 Alexandria as a Factory of Religions

 

25.0 The Rise and Spread of Buddhism

 

25.1 The Story of Gautama

 

25.2 Teaching and Legend in Conflict

 

25.3 The Gospel of Gautama Buddha

 

25.4 Buddhism and Asoka

 

25.5 Two Great Chinese Teachers

 

25.6 The Corruptions of Buddhism

 

25.7 The Present Range of Buddhism

 

26.0 The Two Western Republics

 

26.1 The Beginnings of the Latins

 

26.2 A New Sort of State

 

26.3 The Carthaginian Republic of Rich Men

 

26.4 The First Punic War

 

26.5 Cato the Elder and the Spirit of Cato

 

26.6 The Second Punic War

 

26.7 The Third Punic War

 

26.8 How the Punic War Undermined Roman Liberty

 

26.9 Comparison of the Roman Republic with a Modern State

 

27.0 From Tiberius Gracchus to the God-Emperor in Rome

 

27.1 The Science of Thwarting the Common Man

 

27.2 Finance in the Roman State

 

27.3 The Last Years of Republican Politics

 

27.4 The Era of the Adventurer Generals

 

27.5 The End of the Republic

 

27.6 The Coming of the Princeps

 

27.7 Why the Roman Republic Failed

 

28.0 The Csars between the Sea and the Great Plains of the Old World

 

28.1 A Short Catalogue of Emperors

 

28.2 Roman Civilization at its Zenith

 

28.3 Limitations of the Roman Mind

 

28.4 The Stir of the Great Plains

 

28.5 The Western (true Roman) Empire Crumples Up

 

28.6 The Eastern (revived Hellenic) Empire

 

29.0 The Beginnings, the Rise and the Divisions of Christianity

 

29.1 Judea at the Christian Era

 

29.2 The Teachings of Jesus of Nazareth

 

29.3 The Universal Religions

 

29.4 The Crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth

 

29.5 Doctrines Added to the Teachings of Jesus

 

29.6 The Struggles and Persecutions of Christianity

 

29.7 Constantine the Great

 

29.8 The Establishment of Official Christianity

 

29.9 The Map of Europe, A.D. 500

 

29.10 The Salvation of Learning by Christianity

 

30.0 Seven Centuries in Asia (Circa 50 B.C. to A.D. 650)

 

30.1 Justinian the Great

 

30.2 The Sassanid Empire in Persia

 

30.3 The Decay of Syria under the Sassanids

 

30.4 The First Message from Islam

 

30.5 Zoroaster and Mani

 

30.6 Hunnish Peoples in Central Asia and India

 

30.7 The Great Age of China

 

30.8 Intellectual Fetters of China

 

30.9 The Travels of Yuan Chang

 

31.0 Muhammad and Islam

 

31.1 Arabia before Muhammad

 

31.2 Life of Muhammad to the Hegira

 

31.3 Muhammad becomes a Fighting Prophet

 

31.4 The Teachings of Islam

 

31.5 The Caliphs Abu, Bekr, Omar

 

31.6 The Great Days of Omayyada

 

31.7 The Decay of Islam under Abbasids

 

31.8 The Intellectual Life of Arab Islam

 

32.0 Christendom and the Crusades

 

32.1 The Western World at its Lowest Ebb

 

32.2 The Feudal System

 

32.3 The Frankish Kingdom of the Merovigians

 

32.4 The Christianization of the Western Barbarians

 

32.5 Charlemagne becomes Emperor of the West

 

32.6 The Personality of Charlemagne

 

32.7 The French and the Germans Become Distinct

 

32.8 The Normans, the Saracens, the Hungarians and the Seljuk Turks

 

32.9 How Constantinople Appealed to Rome

 

32.10 The Crusades

 

32.11 The Crusades, a Test of Christianity

 

32.12 The Emperor Frederick II

 

32.13 Defects and Limitations of the Papacy

 

32.14 A List of Leading Popes

 

33.0 The Great Empire of Jengis Khan and Its Successors

 

33.1 Asia at the End of the Twelfth Century

 

33.2 The Rise and Victories of the Mongols

 

33.3 The Travels of Marco Polo

 

33.4 The Ottoman Turks and Constantinople

 

33.5 Why the Mongols were not Christianized

 

33.5.1 Kublai Khan Founds the Yuan Dynasty

 

33.5.2 The Mongols Revert to Tribalism

 

33.5.3 The Kipchak Empire and the Tsar of Muscovy

 

33.5.4 Timurlane

 

33.5.5 The Mongol Empire of India

 

33.5.6 The Mongols and the Gypsies

 

34.0 Renascence of Western Civilization1

 

34.1 Christianity and Popular Education

 

34.2 Europe Begins to Think for Itself

 

34.3 The Great Plague and the Dawn of Communism

 

34.4 How Paper Liberated the Human Mind

 

34.5 Protestantism of the Princes and Protestantism of the Peoples

 

34.6 The Reawakening of Science

 

34.7 The New Growth of European Towns

 

34.8 America Comes into History

 

34.9 What Machiavelli Thought of the World

 

34.10 The Republic of Switzerland

 

34.11 Protestants

 

34.11.1 The Life of Emperor Charles V

 

34.11.2 Protestants if the Prince Wills it

 

34.11.3 The Intellectual Undertow

 

35.0 Princes Parliaments and Powers

 

35.1 Princes and Foreign Policy

 

35.2 The Dutch Republic

 

35.3 The English Republic

 

35.4 The Break-up and Disorder of Germany

 

35.5 The Splendours of Grand Monarchy in Europe

 

35.6 The Growth of the Idea of Great Powers

 

35.7 The Crowned Republic of Poland and its Fate

 

35.8 The First Scramble for Empire Overseas

 

35.9 Britain Dominates India

 

35.10 Russia's Ride to the Pacific

 

35.11 What Gibbon Thought of the World in 1780

 

35.12 The Social Truce Draws to an End

 

36.0 The New Democratic Republics of America and France

 

36.1 Inconveniences of the Great Power System

 

36.2 The Thirteen Colonies Before their Revolt

 

36.3 Civil War is Forced