Sequential Problem Solving - Fredric B. Lozo (beautiful books to read TXT) 📗

a 'Peace' president, but will help those in need. No doubt he will withdraw the NATO peace keeping force from Bosnia and send them to Somalia to assist with the famine relief."

What the president meant to say was that he will seek all reasonable diplomatic solutions to international aggression but will not abandon international treaties and will assist other nations with military forces.

* The "FALSE DILEMMA" deception.

This deception often presents an argument so horrible that it is an unacceptable alternative, and the speaker's argument is presented as the only alternative.

"Ebola virus has been accidentally released in Merryman Corporation research facility in Maryland. One way to destroy it is to drop a nuclear bomb on the facility. Another alternative is to accept the proposal of the Paladin Corporation to take over supervision of the contract granted to the Merryman Corporation. Paladin estimates that they can decontaminate it with lethal gas for a mere ten million dollars."

* The "DOMINO THEORY" deception.

The domino theory deception makes the claim that if one thing happens another will invariably follow.

"If South Vietnam falls to the Communists, every other nation in Southeast Asia will follow, including Australia."

* The "TWO WRONGS MAKE A RIGHT" deception.

"It is all right to execute prisoners because South Africa does it too."

EMOTIONAL TACTICS.

* The "ATTACK THE SPEAKER" diversion.

This fallacy is known as the AD HOMINEM fallacy.

"The mayor proposes opening a day care center for city hall employees. The mayor was once divorced. The mayor is not competent to make family decisions."

The mayor's willingness to please his employees and his administrative competence are diverted with a personal attack.

* The "COMMONLY ACCEPTED PRACTICE" deception.

This deception often is designed to make an action seem biased or prejudicial.

"It is common practice to replace computers in business every five years. The military even has a policy to that effect ."

* The "APPEAL TO PITY" tactic.

"If welfare recipients are required to work, many recipients will not be able to watch television as much."

* The "INFALLIBLE TRUTH or CLICHE" deception. "This meal is not well seasoned. Too many cooks spoil the soup."

The emotional tactics often include cynicism or sarcasm and are used to belittle the other person. The emotional tactics are often used to make another person feel worthless and unloved.

* * * * *

Argumentative Fallacies.

1. Critical Thinking and Reasoning: A Handbook for Teachers. Albany: The University of the State of New York, 1976.
(return)

* * * * *

REFERENCES.

Research Skills.

Edwards, Betty. Drawing on The Right Side of The Brain. Los Angeles: Tarcher, Inc., 1979.

Lucas, Jerry and Harry Lorayne. The Memory Book. New York: Ballantine Books, 1974.

Mindil, Phyllis. Power Reading. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentise Hall, 1993.

Minninger, Joan. Total Recall—How to Boost Your Memory Power. Emmaus, Pa: Rodale Press, 1984.

Neural mechanisms of learning and memory. Mark R. Rosenzweig and Edward L. Bennett, eds. Cambridge, Mass. MIT Press, 1976.

Robinson, Francis P. Effective Studying. 4th ed. New York: Harper and Row, 1970.

Spense, Jonathan D. The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci. New York: Penquin Books, 1984.

Spitzer, Herbert F. "Studies in Retention." Journal of Educational Psychology. Vol. XXX (Dec. 1930) No. 9.

 * * * * *

Practical Problem Solving.

Aristotle. Rhetoric and the Poetics. F. Solmsen, ed. New York: The Modern Library, 1954

Beyer, Barry K. "Developing a Scope and Sequence for Thinking Skills Instruction." Educational Leadership 45 (April 1988): 26-30.

"Classifying Fallacies Logically", Ludwig F. Schlecht, Teaching 1679. Philosophy, March, 1991, 14:1, p.53-65

A Committee of College and University Examiners. "Educational Objectives and Curriculum Development." Taxonomy of Educational Objectives—Handbook 1: The Cognitive Domain.  Benjamin S. Bloom, ed. New York: David McKay Company, Inc., 1956.

A Committee of College and University Examiners. "Educational Objectives and Curriculum Development." Taxonomy of Educational Objectives—Handbook 2: The Affective Domain.  Benjamin S. Bloom, ed. New York: David McKay Company, Inc., 1956.

Critical Thinking and Reasoning: A Handbook for Teachers. Albany: The University of the State of New York, 1976.

Gingerick, Owen. "The Galileo Affair." American Scientific. August, 1982, #247, p.132-138.

Maslow, A. H. Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper and Row, 1954.

 * * * * *

Fallacies.

"Classifying Fallacies Logically", Ludwig F. Schlecht, Teaching Philosophy, March, 1991, 14:1, p.53-65

Pospesel, Howard. Argument—Deductive Logic Exercises. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1971.

Critical Thinking and Reasoning: a handbook for Teachers. Albany: SUNY, 1976.

 * * * * *

Developing a Solution.

Gardner, Howard. Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. New York: Basic Books, 1983.

 * * * * *

Leadership  Styles.

Fiedler, Fred E. "The Trouble With Leadership Training Is That it Doesn't Train Leaders." Psychology Today 6 (February 1973): 23-30.

Goodall, H. Lloyd, Jr. Small Group Communications in Organizations. 2nd ed. Dubuque, IA: Wm. C. Brown, 1990.

Schultz, Beatrice G. Communicating in the Small Group—Theory and Practice. New York: Harper and Row, 1989.

Tannenbaum, Robert and Warren H. Schmidt. "How to Choose an Leadership Pattern." Harvard Business Review 36 (March-April 1958): 95-101.

Wood, Julia T. "Leading in Purposive Discussions: A study of Adaptive Behavior." Communications Monographs 44(June 1977): 152-165.

 * * * * *

Interpersonal Problem Solving.

A Committee of College and University Examiners. "Educational Objectives and Curriculum Development." Taxonomy of Educational Objectives—Handbook 1: The Cognitive Domain.  Benjamin S. Bloom, ed. New York: David McKay Company, Inc., 1956.

Cline, Foster.  Understanding and Treating the Severely Disturbed Child. Evergreen, CO: Evergreen Consultants in Human Behavior, 1979.

Cline, Foster.  Learning Disorder and School Problems. Evergreen, CO: Evergreen Consultants in Human Behavior, 1979.

Critical Thinking and Reasoning: A Handbook for Teachers. Albany: The University of the State of New York, 1976.

Give Them Roots, The Let Them Fly: Understanding Attachment Therapy. Carole A. McKelvey, ed. Evergreen, Colorado: The Attachment Center at Evergreen, Inc., 1995

Kohlberg, Lawrence. "Moral Education for a Moral Transition." Educational Leadership 32 (October 1975): 46-54.

MacLean, Paul. Triune Concept of the Brain and Behavior. Toronto University of Toronto Press, 1973.

Magid, Ken and Carole A McKelvey. High Risk: Children without a Conscience. New York: Bantam Books, 1987.

Maslow, A. H. Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper and Row, 1954.

Sagen, Carl. The Dragons of Eden. New York: Ballantine Books, 1977.

Unmasking the Psychopath—Antisocial Personality and Related Syndromes.  William H Reid, Darwin Dorr, John I. Walker, Jack W. Bonner, eds. New York: W.W. Norton, 1986.

Vygotsky, Lev. Thought and Language. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1962.

 * * * * *

Dealing With Interpersonal Conflict.

Bonhoeffer, Dietrich. The Cost of Discipleship. New York: Macmillan, 1963.

Handbook for Boys. New York: Doubleday-Page and Co., 1911

Kubler-Ross, Elisabeth. Death: The final stage of growth. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice-Hall, 1975.

Saotome, Mitsugi. The Principles of Aikido. Boston: Shambhala, 1989.

Stevens John. Abundant Peace—the Biography of Morehei Ueshiba, the founder of Aikido. Boston: Shambhala, 1987.

Stevens, John. The Secrets of Aikido. Boston: Shambhala, 1995.

Turnbull, Stephen. Samurai Warriors. London: Blandford Press, 1987.

 * * * * *

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Aristotle. Rhetoric and the Poetics. F. Solmsen, ed. New York: The Modern Library, 1954

Ashcroft, Leslie. "Defusing 'Empowering': The What and the Why." Language Arts 64 (February 1987): 142-156.

Barell, John. "You Asked The Wrong Questions!" Educational Leadership 42 (May 1985): 18-23.

Beyer, Barry K. "Improving Thinking Skills—Practical Approaches." Phi Delta Kappan 65 (April 1984): 556-560.

Beyer, Barry K. "Developing a Scope and Sequence for Thinking Skills Instruction." Educational Leadership 45 (April 1988): 26-30.

Beyer, Barry K. Developing A Thinking Skills Program. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1988.

Bonhoeffer, Dietrich. The Cost of Discipleship. New York: Macmillan, 1963.

Cierzniak, Suzanne Lipetska. The Question of Critical Thinking: An Annotated Bibliography. Philadelphia: Franklin Institute, 1985. ERIC, ED260 069.

Cline, Foster, MD.  Understanding and Treating the Severely Disturbed Child. Evergreen, CO: Evergreen Consultants in Human Behavior, 1979

Cline, Foster.  Learning Disorder and School Problems. Evergreen, CO: Evergreen Consultants in Human Behavior, 1979.

A Committee of College and University Examiners. "Educational Objectives and Curriculum Development." Taxonomy of Educational 1784. Objectives—Handbook 1: The Cognitive Domain.  Benjamin S. Bloom, ed. New York: David McKay Company, Inc., 1956.

A Committee of College and University Examiners. "Educational, Objectives and Curriculum Development." Taxonomy of Educational Objectives—Handbook 2: The Affective Domain. Benjamin S. Bloom, ed. New York: David McKay Company, Inc., 1956.

Critical Thinking and Reasoning: A Handbook for Teachers. Albany: The University of the State of New York, 1976.

Dewey, John. How We Think. 2nd ed. Boston: D. C. Heath, 1933.

Edwards, Betty. Drawing on The Right Side of The Brain. Los Angeles: Tarcher, Inc., 1979.

Ennis, Robert H. "A Concept of Critical Thinking." Harvard Educational Review 32 (Winter 1962): 81-110.

Fiedler, Fred E. "The Trouble With Leadership Training Is That it Doesn't Train Leaders." Psychology Today 6(February 1973): 23-30.

Gardner, Howard. Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. New York: Basic Books, 1983.

Give Them Roots, The Let Them Fly: Understanding Attachment Therapy. Carole A. McKelvey, ed. Evergreen, Colorado: The Attachment Center at Evergreen, Inc., 1995

Goodall, H. Lloyd, Jr. Small Group Communications in Organizations. 2nd ed. Dubuque, IA: Wm. C. Brown, 1990.

Grice, George L. and M. Anway Jones. "Teaching Thinking Skills: State Mandates and the K-12 Curriculum." Clearing House 62 (April 1989): 337-341.

Handbook for Boys. New York: Doubleday-Page and Co., 1911

Jones, Beau Fly et al. Teaching Thinking Skills. Washington: National Education Association, 1987.

King, Lean and Rita King. "Tactics for Thinking in Action." Educational Leadership 45 (April 1988): 42-44.

Kohlberg, Lawrence. "Moral Education for a Moral Transition." Educational Leadership 32 (October 1975): 46-54.

Kubler-Ross, Elisabeth. Death: The final stage of growth. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice-Hall, 1975.

Lindsay, Crawford W., Jr. Teaching Students to Teach Themselves. New York: Nichols Publishing, 1988.

Lozo, Fredric B. Critical Thinking.—Master of Arts Thesis. Corpus Christi, Texas: Corpus Christi State University, 1992.

Lucas, Jerry and Harry Lorayne. The Memory Book. New York: Ballantine Books, 1974.

MacLean, Paul. Triune Concept of the Brain and Behavior. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1973.

Magid,  Ken and Carole A McKelvey. High Risk: Children without a Conscience. New York: Bantam Books, 1987.

Maslow, A. H. Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper and Row, 1954.

Miller, Angelyn. The Enabler—When Helping Harms the Ones You Love. New York Ballentine Books, 1988.

Mindil, Phyllis. Power Reading. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentise Hall, 1993.

Minninger, Joan. Total Recall—How to Boost Your Memory Power. Emmaus, Pa: Rodale Press, 1984.

Narode, Ronald et al. Teaching Thinking Skills: Science. Philadelphia: Franklin Institute, 1987. ERIC ED320 755.

Nickerson, Raymond S. "Kinds of Thinking Taught in Current Programs." Educational Leadership 42 (September 1984): 26-36.

Neural mechanisms of learning and memory. Mark R. Rosenzweig and Edward L., eds. Cambridge, Mass. MIT Press, 1976.

Paul, Richard W. "Critical Thinking: Fundamental to Education in a Free Society." Educational Leadership 42 (September 1984): 4-14.

Paul, Richard W. "Bloom's Taxonomy and Critical Thinking Instruction." Educational Leadership 42 (May 1985): 36-39.

Piaget, Jean. Intelligence and Affectivity: Their Relationship during Child Development. T.A. Brown and C.E. Kaegi, eds. Palo Alto: 1848. Annual Reviews Inc., 1981.

Presseisen, Barbara, et al. Learning and Thinking Styles. Washington: National Education Association, 1990.

Presseisen, Barbara Z. Thinking Skills. Washington: National Education Association, 1986.

Pospesel, Howard. Argument—Deductive Logic Exercises. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1971.

Robinson, Francis P. Effective Studying. 4th ed. New York: Harper and Row, 1970

Rose, Colin. Accelerated Learning. New York: Dell, 1985.

Rosenzweig, Mark R., Arnold L. Leiman, S. and Marc Breedlove. Biological psychology. Sunderland, Mass. Sinauer Associates, 1996.

Sagen, Carl. The Dragons of Eden. New York: Ballantine Books, 1977.

Saotome, Mitsugi. The Principles of Aikido. Boston: Shambhala, 1989.

Schiever, Shirley W.  A Comprehensive Approach to Teaching Thinking. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1991.

Schlecht, Ludwig F. "Classifying Fallacies Logically." Teaching Philosophy 14 (March 1991): 53-65.

Schultz, Beatrice G. Communicating in the Small Group—Theory and Practice. new York: Harper and Row, 1989.

Spense, Jonathan D. The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci. New York: Penquin Books, 1984.

Spitzer, Herbert F. "Studies in Retention." Journal of Educational Psychology. Vol. XXX (Dec. 1930) No. 9.

Sternberg, Robert J. "How Can We Teach Intelligence." Educational Leadership 42 (September 1984): 38-48.

Stevens, John.  Abundant Peace—the Biography of Morehei Ueshiba, the founder of Aikido. Boston: Shambhala, 1987

Stevens, John.  The Secrets of Aikido. Boston: Shambhala, 1995

Swartz, Robert J. and D.N. Perkins. Teaching Thinking: Issues and Approaches. Pacific Grove, CA: Midwest Publications, 1990.

Tannenbaum, Robert and Warren H. Schmidt. "How to Choose a Leadership Pattern." Harvard Business Review 36(March-April 1958): 95-101.

Teaching Thinking Skills: Theory and Practice. Joan Boykoff Baron and Robert J. Sternberg, eds. New York: W.H. Freeman, 1987.

Thinking Skills Instruction: Concepts and techniques. Marcia Heiman and Joshua Sloianko, eds. Washington: National Education Association, 1987.

"Thought Prints in the Sand." Economist. Feb. 23, 1996: 85-86.

Turnbull, Stephen. Samurai Warriors. London: Blandford Press, 1987.

Unmasking the Psychopath—Antisocial Personality and Related Syndromes.  William H Reid, Darwin Dorr, John I. Walker, Jack W. Bonner, eds. New York: W.W. Norton, 1986.

Wood, Julia T. "Leading in