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class="c19">Lalande, 3, 9, 65, 292

Latitudes, 226

Leonids, 195

Lepaute, Madame Hortense, 3, 4

Le Verrier, 167

Little Bear, 35

Little Dog, 50

Lockyer, 102

Longitudes, 226

Lucifer, 122

Lunar Apennines, 251
landscape, 254
topography, 252

Lyre, 40


M

Mars, 131
chart of, 140

Measurement, 289

Medes and Lydians, 266

Mercury, 114

Meteorites, 201

Meteors, 190, 191

Metonic Cycle, 271

Milky Way, 78, 87

Mira Ceti, 77

Mitchell, Maria, 7

Mizar, 34, 69

Moon, 232
diameter of, 242
distance of, 292
geological features of, 245
map of, 247
mountains of, 246
phases of, 241
photograph of, 240
revolution of, 234
rotation of, 242
size of, 242
temperature of, 250
total eclipse of, 263


N

Nebula, in Andromeda, 81
in Orion, 81
in the Greyhounds, 82

Neptune, 65, 166
revolution of, 169

Newton, 181

Nucleus, 95, 185


O

Orion, 48, 49, 81


P

Parallax, 292, 293
annual, 306

Pearl, 40

Pegasus, 38

Penumbra, 96

Periodic Comet, orbit of, 182

Perseids, 195

Perseus, 38, 70, 78

Phenician navigators, 30

Phœbus, 67

Photosphere, 101

Piazzi, 147

Planets, 109, 113, 146
distances, 110, 302
orbits of, 115
orbits of, 116

Pleiades, 38, 39, 44, 83
occultation of, 85

Pleione, 84

Polaris, 63

Pole-star, 34, 63

Poles, 225

Pollux, 44

Pope Calixtus, 176

Prodigies in the heavens, 178

Ptolemy, 31, 217


R

Radiant, 195

Riccioli, 246

Rigel, 49, 70

Roberts, Mrs. Isaac, 7


S

Saidak, 34

Saros, 271

Satellites, 110

Saturn, 156
revolution of, 157
satellites, 162, 165
volume, 158

Saturn's rings, 161

Scarpellini, Madame, 7

Scheiner, 95

Schiaparelli, 139

Secchi, Father, 7

Seven Oxen, 32

Sextuple star, 74

Shepherd's Star, 11

Shooting stars, 193, 194, 196

Sirius, 66, 309

Solar storms, 100
flames, 105
system, 65

Somerville, Mrs., 6

Spring constellations, 52

Stars, distances, 62
double, 68, 70
first magnitude, 57
number of, 60
quadruple, 73
second magnitude, 58
shooting, 193, 194
temporary, 77

Stars, triple, 72
variable, 75
weight of, 313

Star cluster in Hercules, 79
in the Centaur, 80

St. Catherine, 3

Summer constellations, 53

Sun, 88
houses of the, 43
measurement of distance, 297
photograph of, 96
rotation, 99
temperature of, 105
total eclipse of, 276
weight, 106

Sun and Earth, comparative sizes of, 93

Sun-spots, 95, 101
telescopic aspect of, 97


T

Temporary stars, 77, 78

Three Kings, 49

Total eclipse of the moon, 263
of sun, 276

Triangulation, 288

Triple Star, 72


U

Umbra, 95

Universe, 22, 23, 90

Urania, 8, 9

Uranoliths, 201, 204

Uranus, 162


V

Variable stars, 75

Vega, 40

Venus, 121, 296
phases of, 124

Vesper, 122

Victor Hugo, 24


W

Weighing worlds, 309

Winter constellations, 51


Z

Zodiac, constellations of, 46, 47

Zones, 225


FOOTNOTES:

[1] The French edition of this book is entitled Astronomy for Women.—Translator.

[2] 1 kilometer = 0.6214 mile; 100 kilometers may be taken as 62 miles. 1 kilogram is about 2.2 lb.; 5 kilograms = 11 lb.—Translator.

[3] It is useful to know the letters of the Greek Alphabet. They are easily learned, as follows:


α Alpha
β Beta
γ Gamma
δ Delta
ε Epsilon
ζ Zeta
η Eta
θ Theta
ι Iota
κ Kappa
λ Lambda
μ Mu
ν Nu
ξ Xi
ο Omicron
π Pi
ρ Rho
σ or ς Sigma
τ Tau
υ Upsilon
φ Phi
χ Chi
ψ Psi
ω Omega

[4] All the stars visible at any hour during the year can easily be found with the help of the author's Planisphere mobile.

[5] Let it be remarked in passing that the stars might be much farther off than they are, and invisible to our eyes; the Heavens would then assume the aspect of an absolutely empty space, the moon and planets alone remaining.

[6] 14″ = 14 seconds of arc. One second of the circle is an exceedingly minute quantity. It is 1 millimeter seen at a distance of 206 meters. One millimeter seen at a distance of 20 m. 62 = 10 secs. These values are invisible to the unaided eye.

[7] These fine double stars can be observed with the help of the smallest telescope.

[8] For the explanation of the angular distances of degrees, minutes, and seconds, see Chapter XI, on Methods of Measurement.

[9] The author has endeavored on the plates to represent the aspect of the Earth in the starry sky of Mercury, Venus, and Mars; but in all representations of this kind the stars are necessarily made too large. By calculation the diameters of the Earth and Moon as seen from the planets, and their distances, are as follows:

  Diameter of
the Earth. Diameter of
the Moon. Distance
Earth-Moon. Of Mercury (opposition) 20″ 8″ 871″ Of Venus (opposition) 64″ 17″ 1,928″ Of Mars (quadrature) 15″ 4″ 464″ Of Jupiter (quadrature) 3.5″ 0.1″ 105″

These aspects will be appreciated if we remember that the distance of the components of ε Lyre = 207″, that of Atlas in Pleione = 301″, and that of the stars Mizar and Alcor = 708″.

[10] A few evenings ago, after observing Venus in the calm and silent Heavens at the close of day, my eyes fell upon a drawing sent me by my friend Gustave Dore, which is included in the illustrations of his wonderful edition of Dante's Divina Commedia. This drawing seems to be in place here, and I offer my readers a poor reproduction of it, taken from the fine engraving in the book. Dante and Virgil, in the peaceful evening, are contemplating lo bel pianeta ch'ad amar conforta (the beautiful planet that incites to love).

[11] Strictly speaking, 1 kilometer = 0.6214 mile. Here, as throughout, the equivalents are only given in round numbers.—Translator.

[12] Translator: Compare the well-known English rhyme:
Thirty days hath September,
April, June, and November.
While all the rest have thirty-one,
Excepting February alone,
In which but twenty-eight appear
And twenty-nine when comes Leap Year.

[13] Fifty-eight different pictures of the aspect of the Moon to the unaided eye will be found in the Monthly Bulletins of the Astronomical Society of France, for the year 1900, in pursuance of an investigation made by the author among the different members of the Society.

[14] My readers are charged not to speak of this property (which is fairly extensive), lest the Budget Commission, at the end of its resources, should be tempted to put on an unexpected tax. This ring, which the astronomers presented to me in the year 1887, is almost in the center of the lunar disk, to the north of Ptolemy and Herschel.

[15] "La fin du Monde." Flammarion, p. 186.

[16] Victor Hugo. Tristesse d'Olympia.







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