An Introduction to Philosophy - George Stuart Fullerton (i can read book club TXT) 📗
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mechanism and morals, 159-164;
"concomitant phenomena" and attainment of ends, 162;
references given on other minds and mind-stuff, 309;
see also, Other Minds.
Mind-stuff: see Other Minds.
Minima Sensibilia: 87.
Modern Philosophy: conception of philosophy in, 9-12.
Monism: what, 193-194;
varieties of, 194-202;
narrower sense of word, 198-202.
Moral Distinctions: their foundation, 159-164.
Muirhead: 315.
Naïve Realism: 181.
"Natural Light": term used by Descartes, 208.
Natural Realism: see Realism.
Nature: place of mind in, 151-154;
order of nature and "free-will," 154-159.
Neo-Platonism: referred to, 8; on the soul as immaterial, 103.
Nihilism: word used by Hamilton, 186.
Noumena: see Phenomena.
Objective Idealism: 189-190; reference to Royce, 311.
Objective Order: contrasted with the subjective, 55.
Ontology: what, 315.
Orders of Experience: the subjective and the objective, 55;
see also, 114.
Other Minds: their existence, 133-136;
Fichte referred to, 133;
Richter quoted, 133;
Huxley and Clifford on proof of, 135;
the argument for, 136-140;
Mill quoted, 136-138;
Huxley criticised, 138-140;
what minds are there? 140-144;
Descartes quoted, 141-142;
Malebranche, 142;
the limits of psychic life, 142-144;
mind-stuff, 144-146;
proper attitude toward solipsism, 291.
Outside: meaning of word, 55.
Panpsychism: the doctrine, 198; references given, 311.
Pantheism: 202.
Parallelism: see Mind and Body.
Paulsen: on nature of philosophy, 305.
Pearson: the "telephone exchange," 38 ff.;
on scientific principles and method, 258-259;
reference given, 306.
Peirce, C. S.: on pragmatism, 219-220.
Perception: see Representative Perception.
Phenomena and Noumena: Kant's distinction between, 176-180.
Philosophical Sciences: enumerated, 13;
why grouped together, 13-17;
examined in detail, 223-259.
Philosophy: meaning of word, and history of its use, 1 ff.;
what the word now covers, 12-17;
problems of, 32-164;
historical background of modern philosophy, 165-180;
types of, 181-222;
logic and, 225-229;
psychology and, 230-234;
ethics and, 240-242;
aesthetics and, 242-243;
metaphysics distinguished from, 244-245;
religion and, 250-254;
the non-philosophical sciences and, 255-259;
utility of, 263-272;
history of, 273-287;
verification in, 276-277;
as poetry and as science, 281-283;
how systems arise, 283-287;
practical admonitions, 288-303;
authority in, 291-296;
ordinary rules of evidence in, 296-298.
Physiological Psychology: what it is, 234.
Pineal Gland; as seat of the soul, 105.
Place: of mental phenomena, see Space.
Plain Man: his knowledge of the world, 19-20; also, 32-36;
his knowledge of space, 73;
on mind and body, 106-110;
his interactionism, 120.
Plants: psychic life in, 143.
Plato: use of word "philosopher," 2;
scope of his philosophy, 6-7;
on the soul, 102-103.
Plotinus: the soul as immaterial, 103.
Pluralism and Singularism: described, 204-205.
Poetry and Philosophy: 281-283.
Poincaré: referred to, 258.
Pragmatism: the doctrine, 219-222;
see also, 296-298, 300-303, and 312-314;
will to believe, references, 310, 312.
Present: meaning of "the present," 97-99.
Psychology: psychological knowledge characterized, 25-28;
attitude of psychologist toward external world, 36-38;
toward mind, 110-111;
philosophy and, 230-234;
double affiliation of, 234-235;
utility of, 268-269;
metaphysics and, 313;
"rational," 315.
Ptolemaic System; 282.
Pythagoras: the word "philosopher," 2.
Pythagoreans: their doctrine, 4.
Qualities of Things: contrasted with sensations, 51-56.
Rational Cosmology: 315.
Rationalism: the doctrine, 206-209.
Rational Psychology: 315.
Real: see Reality.
Realism: hypothetical realism, 168;
"natural" realism, 174;
general discussion of realism and its varieties, 181-187;
ambiguity of the word, 186-187.
Reality: contrasted with appearance, 35;
in psychology, 36-38;
the "telephone exchange" and, 38 ff.;
things and their appearances, 59-61;
real things, 61-63;
ultimate real things, 63-68;
the "Unknowable" as Reality, 68-72;
real space, 80-87;
real time, 93-99;
substance as reality, 111;
real and apparent extension, 113-114;
measurement of apparent time, 128;
Bradley's doctrine of reality, 191-192;
Clifford's panpsychism and reality, 197-198.
Reflective Thought: its nature, 28-31.
Reid, Thomas: doctrine of "common sense," 171-174;
references, 310.
Religion: philosophy and, 250-254;
conceptions of God, 252-253;
God and the world, 253-254; see God.
Representative Perception: plain man's position, 32-36;
the psychologist, 36-38;
"telephone exchange" doctrine, 38-44;
the true distinction between sensations and things, 45-58;
the doctrine of, 165-168;
Descartes and Locke quoted, 165-168.
Richter, Jean Paul: on the solipsist, 133.
Royce: an objective idealist, 311; a monist, 312.
Schelling: attitude toward natural philosophy, 10.
Schiller: on "Humanism," 312-313.
"Schools": in philosophy, 291-296.
Science: philosophy and the special sciences, 12-17;
the philosophical sciences, 13 ff.;
nature of scientific knowledge, 21-28;
compared with reflective thought, 29-31;
science and the world as mechanism, 148;
the conservation of energy, 151-154;
philosophical sciences examined in detail, 223-259;
science and metaphysical analysis, 246-247;
the non-philosophical sciences and philosophy, 255-259;
study of scientific principles, 256-259;
verification in science and in philosophy, 275-277;
philosophy as science, 281-283.
Scientific Knowledge: see Science.
Sensations: knowledge of things through, 33-44;
sense and imagination contrasted, 45-49;
are "things" groups of, 49-51;
distinction between things and, 51-56;
use of the word in this volume and in the
"System of Metaphysics," 306-307.
Sidgwick: on Kant, 311.
Sigwart: 314.
Singularism and Pluralism: described, 204-205.
Skeptics: their view of philosophy, 7-8;
their doubt of reality, 59;
Hume's skepticism, 171.
Socrates: use of words "philosopher" and "philosophy," 2;
attitude toward sophism, 6.
Solipsism: see Other Minds.
Solon: 1.
Sophists: characterized, 6.
Soul: see Mind.
Space: plain man's knowledge of, 73;
said to be necessary, infinite and infinitely divisible, 73-74;
discussion of it as necessary and as infinite, 74-77;
Kant, Hamilton, and Spencer quoted, 75-77;
as infinitely divisible, the moving point, 77-80;
Clifford quoted, 79-80;
real space and apparent, 80-87;
"matter" and "form," 82-84;
extension of imaginary things, 113;
place of mental phenomena, 115-117, also, 126-129.
Spencer, Herbert: his definition of philosophy, 11;
his work criticised, 11-12;
on the "Unknowable" as ultimate Reality, 69-70;
Spencer as "natural" realist, 174;
influenced by Kant's doctrine, 176;
his inconsistent doctrine of the external world, 183-184;
defective logic, 228;
influence of agnosticism, 271;
references given, 307, 311.
Spinoza: his a priori method, 10;
on God or substance, 199;
his rationalism, 208;
his parallelism, 308;
references, 311-312.
Spiritualism: the doctrine, 197-198.
Stoics: their view of philosophy, 7-8; their materialism, 102.
Strong: on other minds, 209; references to, 309, 311.
Subjective Idealism: 187-188.
Subjective Order: contrasted with objective, 55.
Substance: meaning of word, 108;
Locke on, 108;
mind as substance, 111-112;
doctrine of the One Substance, 198-202.
Synthetic Judgments: defined, 179.
Systems of Philosophy: their relations to each other, 283-287.
Taylor: on other minds, 309.
Teleology: what, 163; reference, 310.
"Telephone Exchange": doctrine of the external world
as "messages," 38-44.
Thales: his doctrine, 3.
Theism: see God.
Theory of Knowledge: see Epistemology.
Things: our knowledge of, 18-23;
contrast of ideas and, 33-36;
same contrast in psychology, 36-38;
sensations and things, 45 ff.;
existence of, 56-58;
contrasted with appearances, 59 ff.;
real things, 61 ff.;
the space of real things, 80-87.
Thomas Aquinas: scope of his labors, 9.
Time: as necessary, infinite, and infinitely divisible, 88-90;
problem of knowing past, present, and future, 90-93;
Augustine quoted, 90-91;
timeless self criticised, 92-93;
real time and apparent, 93-99;
real time as necessary, infinite, and infinitely divisible, 95-97;
consciousness of time, 97-99;
mental phenomena and time, 126-129.
Timeless Self: 92-93.
Touch: the real world revealed in experiences of, 61-63.
Truth: pragmatism and, 219-222 and 312-314;
Whewell on veracity, 238-239;
criterion of truth in philosophy, 296-298;
also, 300-303.
Ueberweg: 305, 311.
Ultimate Reality: see Reality.
"Unknowable": as Reality, 68-72; see Spencer.
Utility: of liberal studies, 260-263; of philosophy, 363-272.
Verification: in science and in philosophy, 275-277.
Ward, James: on concepts of mechanics, 148.
"Weltweisheit": philosophy as, 12.
Whewell: his common sense ethics, 236-240; referred to, 315.
Will: see Free-will.
Will to Believe: see Pragmatism.
Windelband: 305.
Wolff, Christian: definition of philosophy, 10.
World: see External World.
Wundt: ethics referred to, 315.
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