Illusions - James Sully (online e reader .txt) 📗

R., 116, 350.

Dickens, Charles, 277.

Direction, illusory sense of, in vision, 66, 71, 73;
in hearing, 72, 75.

Disease. See Abnormal life.

Dissolution. See Evolution.

Doubt, starting-point in philosophy, 350.

Dreams, relation of, to illusions of sense, 18, 130;
and waking experience, 127;
theories of, 128;
physiology of, 131;
extent of, in sleep, 132;
psychological conditions of, 136;
excitants of, 139, 143;
exaggeration in, 147;
symbolism of, 149;
as results of automatic activity of centres, 151;
as results of association, 153;
structure of, 156;
incoherent, 156;
coherent, 161;
action of feeling in, 164;
play of associative dispositions in, 168;
co-operation of attention and intelligence in, 172;
limits of intelligence in, 180;
after-dreams, 183, 274;
relation of, to hypnotic condition, 185;
experience of, in relation to errors of memory, 273.


E.

Eccentricity, law of, 59.

Ego. See Self.

Emotion, and illusion of perception, 103;
and hallucination, 115;
and bodily sensations, 150;
control of dreams by, 164;
introspection of, 199;
and illusion of introspection, 203;
and æsthetic intuition, 213;
and illusion of memory, 270;
and illusion of belief, 306, 324;
and cognition generally, 357, note[159].

Empiricism, philosophic, 348.

Ennui, and sense of time, 250.

Environment, sources of sense-illusion in, 47, 48, 70;
view of, in mental disease, 290, 326;
view of, in normal life, 323;
action of, in assimilating belief, 339.

Error, immediate and mediate, 6, 334.

Esquirol, J.E.D., 12, note[2].

Evolution, relation of, to dissolution, 122;
of power of introspection, 209;
of power of insight, 230;
and self-assertion, 320;
evolutionist's view of error, 339;
doctrine of, as science, 346.

Exaggeration, in interpretation of sensations, 65;
in dream-interpretation, 147;
in memory, 269.

Expectation, preliminary to perception, 30;
and illusory perception, 93, 102, 106;
nature of, 295;
and memory, 298;
of new experience, 301;
of remote events, 302;
measurement of duration in, 302;
action of imagination in, 305;
extension of meaning of, 307, 308.

Experience, effect of, in perception, 22, 68, 85, 86, 91;
external and internal, 194, 210;
revivals of waking, in dreams, 152;
effects of present, on retrospection, 267;
anticipation of new, 301.

External world. See World.


F.

Fallacy and illusion 6, 335;
of testimony, 265.

Familiarity, sense of, in new objects, 272, 281.

Fechner, G.T., 51.

Ferrier, Dr., 32, note[12], 58, note[26].

Fiction, as producing illusion, 278, 279, 311.

Fitness. See Adaptation.

Flattery, rationale of, 200, 222.

Forgetfulness and illusion, 278, 279, 311.

Free-will, doctrine of, 207, 342, 356.

Future. See Expectation.


G.

Galton, F., 117.

Ghosts. See Hallucination.

Goethe, 116, 117, 280 and note[131].

Griesinger, W., 13, note[2], 63, note[31], 66, note[32], 115, 118, note[62],
119, note[64] , 120, note[66], 290, note[135], 327, note[146].

Gruithuisen, 143, 144.

Gurney, E., 224, note[109].


H.

Hall, G.S., 186, note[102].

Hallucination, and illusion, 11, 109, 111, 112, 121;
and subjective sensation, 63, 109, 121;
sensory and motor, 66;
nervous conditions of, 112-114;
incomplete and complete, 113;
as having either central or peripheral origin, 113;
causes of, classified, 115;
in sane condition, 116;
in insanity, 118;
visual and auditory, 119;
dreams regarded as, 139, 151;
hypnagogic, 143;
after-dreams and ghosts, 183;
of memory, 271;
relation of, to errors of belief, 322;

intuition of external world regarded as, 355.

Happiness, feeling of, 200.

Harmful, illusion as, 188, 229, 292, 339.

Harmless, illusions as, 124, 292, 341.

Hartley, D., 139, 256, note[124], 279.

Hearing, as mode of perception, 34, 48;
localization of impression in, 60;
sense of direction in, 72;
activity of, in sleep, 140;
and muscular sense, 171.

Heidenhain, Dr., 186-188.

Helmholtz, H., 22, 23, note[7], 44, 51, 54 and note[22], 55, note[23],
57, 67, note[33], 78, note[39], 80, 85, note[43], 88, 90, 207, note[105].

Heraclitus, 137.

Heredity, and illusion of memory, 280;
action of, in perpetuating intuition, 359.

Hering, E., 67, note[33].

Hodgson, Shadworth H., 347, note[153].

Holland, Sir H., 277.

Hood, Thomas, 146.

Hope, illusory. See Expectation.

Hoppe, Dr. J.I., 51, 58, note[26].

Horwicz, A., 145, note[85].

Hume, D., 355.

Huxley, Professor T., 119, note[63].

Hyperæsthesia, 65.

Hypnotism, 185.

Hypochondria, 65.

Hypothesis, as illusory, 310, 311.


I.

Idealism, 348.

Identity, cases of mistaken, 267.

Identity, personal, confusion of, in dreams, 163;
consciousness of, 241, 267, 282, 285;
illusory forms of, 283;
gross disturbances of, in normal life, 287;
in abnormal life, 289;
momentary confusions of, 293.

Illusion, definition of, 1;
varieties of, 9;
extent of, 328;
rationale of, 331, 337.

Image (physical). See Reflection.

Image (mental), in perception, 22;
seat of, 32;
in dreams, 138;
mnemonic, 236.

Imagination, play of, in perception, 95, 99;
and sense-illusion, 106;
nature of, in dreaming, 136, 161;
as antecedent of dream, 152, 158;
as poetic interpretation of nature, 224;
memory corrupted by effect of past, 264, 273, 277;
present, creating the semblance of recollection, 267, 271;
play of, in expectation, 305;
as element of illusion generally, 333.

Immediate. See Cognition.

Individual, and common experience, 26, 27, 137, 209, 214, 336;
dream-experience as, 44, 68;
internal experience as, 209;
memory as, 232;
belief and truth, 338.

Inference, and immediate knowledge, 6, 334;
in perception, 22, 26, 68;
in belief, 295.

Innate, recollection as, 280;
principles, 295, 356.

Insane, sense-illusions of, 63, 65, 111;
hallucinations of, 118;
dreaming and state of, 182;
mnemonic illusions of, 278, 289;
beliefs of, 327.

Insight, nature of, 217;
illusions of, defined, 220;
passive illusions of, 220;
histrionic illusion, 222;
active illusions of, 223;
poetic interpretation of nature, 224;
value of faculty of, 228.

Interpretation, in correct perception, 22;
of impression and experience, 70;
and volition, 95;
and fixed habits of mind, 101;
and temporary attitude of mind, 102;
of sensations in dreams, 137, 147;
of internal feelings, 203;
of others' feelings, 217;
of nature by poet, 225;
recollection as, 242.

Introspection, nature of, 14, 189;
illusory forms of, 190;
confusion of inner and outer experiences, 194;
inaccurate inspection of feelings, 196;
presentation and representation confused, 199;
feelings and inferences from these, 203;
moral self-scrutiny, 204;
philosophic, 205;
value of, 208.

Intuition. See Cognition.

Intuitivism, 348.


J.

Jackson, Dr. J. Hughlings, 27, note[9], 33, 123, note[67].

Johnson, Dr., 116.