Unconscious Memory(Fiscle Part-3) - Samuel Butler (digital e reader TXT) 📗
- Author: Samuel Butler
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This Showed That, According To Mr. Darwin, I Had Fallen Into Serious
Error, And My Faith In Him, Though Somewhat Shaken, Was Far Too Great
To Be Destroyed By A Few Days' Course Of Professor Mivart, The Full
Importance Of Whose Work I Had Not Yet Apprehended. I Continued To
Read, And When I Had Finished The Chapter Felt Sure That I Must
Indeed Have Been Blundering. The Concluding Words, "I Am Surprised
That No One Has Hitherto Advanced This Demonstrative Case Of Neuter
Insects Against The Well-Known Doctrine Of Inherited Habit As
Advanced By Lamarck," {23b} Were Positively Awful. There Was A Quiet
Consciousness Of Strength About Them Which Was More Convincing Than
Any Amount Of More Detailed Explanation. This Was The First I Had
Heard Of Any Doctrine Of Inherited Habit As Having Been Propounded By
Lamarck (The Passage Stands In The First Edition, "The Well-Known
Doctrine Of Lamarck," P. 242); And Now To Find That I Had Been Only
Busying Myself With A Stale Theory Of This Long-Since Exploded
Charlatan--With My Book Three Parts Written And Already In The Press-
-It Was A Serious Scare.
On Reflection, However, I Was Again Met With The Overwhelming Weight
Of The Evidence In Favour Of Structure And Habit Being Mainly Due To
Memory. I Accordingly Gathered As Much As I Could Second-Hand Of
What Lamarck Had Said, Reserving A Study Of His "Philosophie
Zoologique" For Another Occasion, And Read As Much About Ants And
Bees As I Could Find In Readily Accessible Works. In A Few Days I
Saw My Way Again; And Now, Reading The "Origin Of Species" More
Closely, And I May Say More Sceptically, The Antagonism Between Mr.
Darwin And Lamarck Became Fully Apparent To Me, And I Saw How
Incoherent And Unworkable In Practice The Later View Was In
Comparison With The Earlier. Then I Read Mr. Darwin's Answers To
Miscellaneous Objections, And Was Met, And This Time Brought Up, By
The Passage Beginning "In The Earlier Editions Of This Work," {24a}
&C., On Which I Wrote Very Severely In "Life And Habit"; {24b} For I
Felt By This Time That The Difference Of Opinion Between Us Was
Radical, And That The Matter Must Be Fought Out According To The
Rules Of The Game. After This I Went Through The Earlier Part Of My
Book, And Cut Out The Expressions Which I Had Used Inadvertently, And
Which Were Inconsistent With A Teleological View. This Necessitated
Only Verbal Alterations; For, Though I Had Not Known It, The Spirit
Of The Book Was Throughout Teleological.
I Now Saw That I Had Got My Hands Full, And Abandoned My Intention Of
Touching Upon "Pangenesis." I Took Up The Words Of Mr. Darwin Quoted
Above, To The Effect That It Would Be A Serious Error To Ascribe The
Greater Number Of Instincts To Transmitted Habit. I Wrote Chapter
Xi. Of "Life And Habit," Which Is Headed "Instincts As Inherited
Memory"; I Also Wrote The Four Subsequent Chapters, "Instincts Of
Neuter Insects," "Lamarck And Mr. Darwin," "Mr. Mivart And Mr.
Darwin," And The Concluding Chapter, All Of Them In The Month Of
October And The Early Part Of November 1877, The Complete Book
Leaving The Binder's Hands December 4, 1877, But, According To Trade
Custom, Being Dated 1878. It Will Be Seen That These Five Concluding
Chapters Were Rapidly Written, And This May Account In Part For The
Chapter 2 Pg 40Directness With Which I Said Anything I Had To Say About Mr. Darwin;
Partly This, And Partly I Felt I Was In For A Penny And Might As Well
Be In For A Pound. I Therefore Wrote About Mr. Darwin's Work Exactly
As I Should About Any One Else's, Bearing In Mind The Inestimable
Services He Had Undoubtedly--And Must Always Be Counted To Have--
Rendered To Evolution.
Chapter 3 Pg 41
How I Came To Write "Evolution, Old And New"--Mr Darwin's "Brief But
Imperfect" Sketch Of The Opinions Of The Writers On Evolution Who Had
Preceded Him--The Reception Which "Evolution, Old And New," Met With.
Though My Book Was Out In 1877, It Was Not Till January 1878 That I
Took An Opportunity Of Looking Up Professor Ray Lankester's Account
Of Professor Hering's Lecture. I Can Hardly Say How Relieved I Was
To Find That It Sprung No Mine Upon Me, But That, So Far As I Could
Gather, Professor Hering And I Had Come To Pretty Much The Same
Conclusion. I Had Already Found The Passage In Dr. Erasmus Darwin
Which I Quoted In "Evolution, Old And New," But May Perhaps As Well
Repeat It Here. It Runs -
"Owing To The Imperfection Of Language, The Offspring Is Termed A New
Animal; But Is, In Truth, A Branch Or Elongation Of The Parent, Since
A Part Of The Embryon Animal Is Or Was A Part Of The Parent, And,
Therefore, In Strict Language, Cannot Be Said To Be Entirely New At
The Time Of Its Production, And, Therefore, It May Retain Some Of The
Habits Of The Parent System." {26}
When, Then, The Athenaeum Reviewed "Life And Habit" (January 26,
1878), I Took The Opportunity To Write To That Paper, Calling
Attention To Professor Hering's Lecture, And Also To The Passage Just
Chapter 3 Pg 42Quoted From Dr. Erasmus Darwin. The Editor Kindly Inserted My Letter
In His Issue Of February 9, 1878. I Felt That I Had Now Done All In
The Way Of Acknowledgment To Professor Hering Which It Was, For The
Time, In My Power To Do.
I Again Took Up Mr. Darwin's "Origin Of Species," This Time, I Admit,
In A Spirit Of Scepticism. I Read His "Brief But Imperfect" Sketch
Of The Progress Of Opinion On The Origin Of Species, And Turned To
Each One Of The Writers He Had Mentioned. First, I Read All The
Parts Of The "Zoonomia" That Were Not Purely Medical, And Was
Astonished To Find That, As Dr. Krause Has Since Said In His Essay On
Erasmus Darwin, "He Was The First Who Proposed And Persistently
Carried Out A Well-Rounded Theory With Regard To The Development Of
The Living World" {27} (Italics In Original).
This Is Undoubtedly The Case, And I Was Surprised At Finding
Professor Huxley Say Concerning This Very Eminent Man That He Could
"Hardly Be Said To Have Made Any Real Advance Upon His Predecessors."
Still More Was I Surprised At Remembering That, In The First Edition
Of The "Origin Of Species," Dr. Erasmus Darwin Had Never Been So Much
As Named; While In The "Brief But Imperfect" Sketch He Was Dismissed
With A Line Of Half-Contemptuous Patronage, As Though The Mingled
Tribute Of Admiration And Curiosity Which Attaches To Scientific
Prophecies, As Distinguished From Discoveries, Was The Utmost He Was
Entitled To. "It Is Curious," Says Mr. Darwin Innocently, In The
Middle Of A Note In The Smallest Possible Type, "How Largely My
Grandfather, Dr. Erasmus Darwin, Anticipated The Views And Erroneous
Grounds Of Opinion Of Lamarck In His 'Zoonomia' (Vol. I. Pp. 500-
510), Published In 1794"; This Was All He Had To Say About The
Founder Of "Darwinism," Until I Myself Unearthed Dr. Erasmus Darwin,
And Put His Work Fairly Before The Present Generation In "Evolution,
Old And New." Six Months After I Had Done This, I Had The
Satisfaction Of Seeing That Mr. Darwin Had Woke Up To The Propriety
Of Doing Much The Same Thing, And That He Had Published An
Interesting And Charmingly Written Memoir Of His Grandfather, Of
Which More Anon.
Not That Dr. Darwin Was The First To Catch Sight Of A Complete Theory
Of Evolution. Buffon Was The First To Point Out That, In View Of The
Known Modifications Which Had Been Effected Among Our Domesticated
Animals And Cultivated Plants, The Ass And The Horse Should Be
Considered As, In All Probability, Descended From A Common Ancestor;
Yet, If This Is So, He Writes--If The Point "Were Once Gained That
Among Animals And Vegetables There Had Been, I Do Not Say Several
Species, But Even A Single One, Which Had Been Produced In The Course
Of Direct Descent From Another Species; If, For Example, It Could Be
Once Shown That The Ass Was But A Degeneration From The Horse, Then
There Is No Further Limit To Be Set To The Power Of Nature, And We
Should Not Be Wrong In Supposing That, With Sufficient Time, She Has
Evolved All Other Organised Forms From One Primordial Type" {28a} (Et
L'on N'auroit Pas Tort De Supposer, Que D'un Seul Etre Elle A Su
Tirer Avec Le Temps Tous Les Autres Etres Organises).
This, I Imagine, In Spite Of Professor Huxley's Dictum, Is
Chapter 3 Pg 43Contributing A Good Deal To The General Doctrine Of Evolution; For
Though Descartes And Leibnitz May Have Thrown Out Hints Pointing More
Or Less Broadly In The Direction Of Evolution, Some Of Which
Professor Huxley Has Quoted, He Has Adduced Nothing Approaching To
The Passage From Buffon Given Above, Either In Respect Of The
Clearness With Which The Conclusion Intended To Be Arrived At Is
Pointed Out, Or The Breadth Of View
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