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Eastern countries is considered as a sign of humiliation:—"The Lord will take away the tablets, and it shall come to pass that instead of a sweet smell there shall be a stink." (Exod. 35:22; Isaiah 3:20, 24.) The word tablets in this passage means perfume boxes, curiously inlaid, made of metal, wood, and ivory. Some of these boxes may have been made in the shape of buildings, which would explain the word palaces, in Psalm 14:8:—"All thy garments smell of myrrh, and aloes, and cassia, out of the ivory palaces, whereby they have made thee glad." From what is said in Matt. 2:11, it would appear that perfumes were considered among the most valuable gifts which man could bestow;—"And when they (the wise men) had opened their treasures, they presented unto him (Christ) gifts; gold, and frankincense, and myrrh." As far as we are able to learn, all the perfumes used by the Egyptians and Persians during the early period of the world were dry perfumes, consisting of spikenard (Nardostachys jatamansi), myrrh, olibanum, and other gum-resins, nearly all of which are still in use by the manufacturers of odors. Among the curiosities shown at Alnwick Castle is a vase that was taken from an Egyptian catacomb. It is full of a mixture of gum-resin, &c., which evolve a pleasant odor to the present day, although probably 3000 years old. We have no doubt that the original use of this vase and its contents were for perfuming apartments, in the same way that pot pourri is now used. Sachet Powders.

The French and English perfumers concoct a great variety of these substances, which being put into silk bags, or ornamental envelopes, find a ready sale, being both good to smell and economical as a means of imparting an agreeable odor to linen and clothes as they lie in drawers. The following formula shows their composition. Every material is either to be ground in a mill, or powdered in a mortar, and afterwards sifted.

Sachet au Cypre.
Ground rose-wood, 1 lb.      "      cedar-wood, 1 lb.      "      santal-wood, 1 lb. Otto of rhodium, or otto of rose, 3 drachms.

Mix and sift; it is then fit for sale.

Sachet a la Frangipanne.
Orris-root powder, 3 lbs. Vitivert powder, 1/4 lb. Santal-wood powder, 1/4 lb. Otto of neroli, }    "    rose, } of each, 1 drachm.    "    santal, } Musk-pods, ground, 1 oz.

The name of this sachet has been handed down to us as being derived from a Roman of the noble family of Frangipani. Mutio Frangipani was an alchemist, evidently of some repute, as we have another article called rosolis, or ros-solis, sun-dew, an aromatic spirituous liquor, used as a stomachic, of which he is said to be the inventor, composed of wine, in which is steeped coriander, fennel, anise, and musk.

Heliotrope Sachet.
Powdered orris, 2 lbs. Rose leaves, ground, 1 lb. Tonquin beans, ground, 1/2 lb. Vanilla beans, 1/4 lb. Grain musk, 1/4 oz. Otto of almonds, 5 drops.

Well mixed by sifting in a coarse sieve, it is fit for sale.

It is one of the best sachets made, and is so perfectly au naturel in its odor to the flower from which it derives its name, that no person unacquainted with its composition would, for an instant, believe it to be any other than the "real thing."

Lavender Sachet.
Lavender flowers, ground, 1 lb. Gum benzoin, in powder, 1/4 lb. Otto of lavender, 1/4 oz. Sachet a la Marechale.
Powder of santal-wood, 1/2 lb.     "      orris-root, 1/2 lb. Rose-leaves, ground, 1/4 lb. Cloves, ground, 1/4 lb. Cassia-bark, 1/4 lb. Grain musk, 1/2 drachm. Sachet a la Mousselaine.
Vitivert, in powder, 1 lb. Santal-wood, } Orris, } each, 1/2 lb. Black-currant leaves (casse), 1/2 lb. Benzoin, in powder, 1/4 lb. Otto of thyme, 5 drops.    "    roses, 1/2 drachm. Millefleur Sachet.
Lavender-flowers, ground, } Orris, } each, 1 lb. Rose-leaves, } Benzoin, } Tonquin, } Vanilla, } each, 1/4 lb. Santal, } Musk and civet, 2 drachms. Cloves, ground, 1/4 lb. Cinnamon, } each, 2 oz. Allspice, } Portugal Sachet.
Dried orange-peel, 1 lb.     "       lemon-peel, 1/2 lb.     "       orris-root, 1/2 lb. Otto of orange-peel, 1 oz.    "     neroli, 1/4 drachm.    "     lemon-grass, 1/4 " Patchouly Sachet.
Patchouly herb, ground, 1 lb. Otto of patchouly, 1/4 drachm.

Patchouly herb is often sold in its natural state, as imported, tied up in bundles of half a pound each.

Pot Pourri.

This is a mixture of dried flowers and spices not ground.

Dried lavender, 1 lb. Whole rose-leaves, 1 lb. Crushed orris (coarse), 1/2 lb. Broken cloves, }     "     cinnamon, } each, 2 oz.     "     allspice, } Table salt, 1 lb.

We need scarcely observe that the salt is only used to increase the bulk and weight of the product, in order to sell it cheap.

Olla Podrida.

This is a similar preparation to pot pourri. No regular form can be given for it, as it is generally made, or "knocked up," with the refuse and spent materials derived from other processes in the manufacture of perfumery; such as the spent vanilla after the manufacture of tincture or extract of vanilla, or of the grain musk from the extract of musk, orris from the tincture, tonquin beans, after tincturation, &c. &c., mixed up with rose-leaves, lavender, or any odoriferous herbs.

Rose Sachet.
Rose heels or leaves, 1 lb. Santal-wood, ground, 1/2 lb. Otto of roses, 1/4 oz. Santal-wood Sachet.

This is a good and economical sachet, and simply consists of the ground wood. Santal-wood is to be purchased from some of the wholesale drysalters; the drug-grinders are the people to reduce it to powder for you—any attempt to do so at home will be found unavailable, on account of its toughness.

Sachet (without a name).
Dried thyme, }     "     lemon thyme, } of each, 1/4 lb.     "     mint, }     "     marjoram, }     "     lavender, 1/2 lb.     "     rose heels, 1 lb. Ground cloves, 2 oz. Allspice, 2 oz. Musk in grain, 1 drachm. Vervain Sachet.
Lemon-peel, dried and ground, 1 lb.     "    thyme, 1/4 lb. Otto of lemon-grass, 1 drachm.    "        "           peel, 1/2 oz.    "       bergamot, 1 oz. Vitivert Sachet.

The fibrous roots of the Anthoxanthum muricatum being ground, constitute the sachet, bearing the name as above, derived from the Tamool name, vittie vayer, and by the Parisian vetiver. Its odor resembles myrrh. Vitivert is more often sold tied up in bunches, as imported from India, than ground, and is used for the prevention of moth, rather than as a perfume.

Violet Sachet.
Black-currant leaves (casse), 1 lb. Rose heels or leaves, 1 lb. Orris-root powder, 2 lbs. Otto of almonds, 1/4 drachm. Grain musk, 1 " Gum benzoin, in powder, 1/2 lb.

Well mix the ingredients by sifting; keep them together for a week in a glass or porcelain jar before offering for sale.

There are many other sachets manufactured besides those already given, but for actual trade purposes there is no advantage in keeping a greater variety than those named. There are, however, many other substances used in a similar way; the most popular is the

Peau d'Espagne.

Peau d'Espagne, or Spanish skin, is nothing more than highly perfumed leather. Good sound pieces of wash leather are to be steeped in a mixture of ottos, in which are dissolved some odoriferous gum-resins, thus:—Otto of neroli, otto of rose, santal, of each half an ounce; otto of lavender, verbena, bergamot, of each a quarter of an ounce; otto of cloves and cinnamon, of each two drachms; with any others thought fit. In this mixture dissolve about two ounces of gum benzoin; now place the skin to steep in it for a day or so, then hang it over a line to dry. A paste is now to be made by rubbing in a mortar one drachm of civet with one drachm of grain musk, and enough solution of gum acacia or gum tragacantha to give it a spreading consistence; a little of any of the ottos that may be left from the steep stirred in with the civet, &c., greatly assists in making the whole of an equal body; the skin being cut up into pieces of about four inches square are then to be spread over, plaster fashion, with the last-named compost; two pieces being put together, having the civet plaster inside them, are then to be placed between sheets of paper, weighed or pressed, and left to dry thus for a week; finally, each double skin, now called peau d'Espagne, is to be enveloped in some pretty silk or satin, and finished off to the taste of the vender.

Skin or leather thus prepared evolves a pleasant odor for years, and hence they are frequently called "the inexhaustible sachet." Being flat, they are much used for perfuming writing-paper.

The lasting odor of Russia leather is familiar to all and pleasing to many; its perfume is due to the aromatic saunders-wood with which it is tanned, and to the empyreumatic oil of the bark of the birch tree, with which it is curried. The odor of Russia leather is, however, not recherché enough to be considered as a perfume; but, nevertheless, leather can be impregnated by steeping in the various ottos with any sweet scent, and which it retains to a remarkable degree, especially with otto of santal or lemon-grass (Verbena). In this manner the odor of the peau d'Espagne can be greatly varied, and gives great satisfaction, on account of the permanence of its perfume.

Perfumed Letter-Paper.

If a piece of peau d'Espagne be placed in contact with paper, the latter absorbs sufficient odor to be considered as "perfumed;" it is obvious that paper for writing upon must not be touched with any of the odorous tinctures or ottos, on account of such matters interfering with the fluidity of the ink and action of the pen; therefore, by the process of infection, as it were, alone can writing paper be perfumed to advantage.

Besides the sachets mentioned there are many other substances applied as dry perfumes, such as scented wadding, used for quilting into all sorts of articles adapted for use in a lady's boudoir. Pincushions, jewel cases, and the like are lined with it. Cotton, so perfumed, is simply steeped in some strong essence of musk, &c.

Perfumed Book-markers.

We have seen that leather can be impregnated with odoriferous substances, in the manufacture of peau d'Espagne; just so is card-board treated prior to being made up into book-marks. In finishing them for sale, taste alone dictates their design; some are ornamented with beads, others with embroidery.

Cassolettes and Printaniers.

Cassolettes and Printaniers are little ivory boxes, of various designs, perforated in order to allow the escape of the odors contained therein. The paste used for filling these "ivory palaces whereby we are made glad," is composed of equal parts of grain musk, ambergris, seeds of the vanilla-pod, otto of roses, and orris powder, with enough gum acacia, or gum tragacantha, to work the whole together into a paste. These things are now principally used for perfuming the pocket or reticule, much in the same way that ornamental silver and gold vinagrettes are used.

Pastils.

There is no doubt whatever that the origin of the use of pastils, or pastilles, as they are more often called, from the French, has been derived from the use of incense at

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