Fateful Lightning: A New History of the Civil War & Reconstruction by Allen Guelzo (icecream ebook reader txt) 📗

Lincoln, “‘A House Divided’: Speech at Springfield, Illinois,” in Collected Works, 2:461–62, 465–66.

33. Johannsen, Stephen A. Douglas, 640–41.

34. Douglas, “Fifth Joint Debate,” October 7, 1858, in The Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858, ed. E. E. Sparks (Springfield: Illinois State Historical Library, 1908), 346.

35. Douglas, “Third Joint Debate,” September 15, 1858, “First Joint Debate,” August 21, 1858, and “Second Joint Debate,” August 27, 1858, in The Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858, 95, 166, 223, 227.

36. Douglas, “Second Joint Debate” with “Mr. Douglas’s Reply,” August 27, 1858, in Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 161.

37. Lincoln, “Second Joint Debate,” August 27, 1858, and “Seventh Joint Debate,” October 15, 1858, in Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 152, 481.

38. Lincoln, “Third Joint Debate,” September 15, 1858, in Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 230, 235.

39. Lincoln, “Fragment on Slavery,” July 1, 1854, in Collected Works, 2:222.

40. Lincoln, “First Joint Debate,” August 21, 1858, in Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 102.

41. Lincoln, “Seventh Joint Debate,” October 15, 1858, in Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 482, 485.

42. Richard Sewall, John P. Hale and the Politics of Abolition (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965), 210.

43. John Hay, diary entry for November 8, 1864, in Inside Lincoln’s White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay, ed. Michael Burlingame and J. R. T. Ettlinger (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1997), 244; Lincoln, “To Salmon P. Chase,” April 30, 1859, in Collected Works, 3:378.

44. Buchanan, “Remarks, March 9, 1836, on the Reception of Petitions for the Abolition of Slavery in the District of Columbia,” in The Works of James Buchanan: Comprising His Speeches, State Papers and Private Correspondence, ed. James Bassett Moore (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1908), 3:26–27.

45. George Ticknor Curtis, Life of James Buchanan: Fifteenth President of the United States (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1883), 2:207.

46. Jeriah Bonham, Fifty Years’ Recollections: With Observations and Reflections on Historical Events (Peoria, IL: J. W. Franks and Sons, 1883), 196–97.

47. Harry V. Jaffa, Crisis of the House Divided: An Interpretation of the Issues in the Lincoln-Douglas Debates (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982), 440.

48. David S. Reynolds, John Brown, Abolitionist: The Man Who Killed Slavery, Sparked the Civil War, and Seeded Civil Rights (New York: Knopf, 2005), 191.

49. Oswald Garrison Villard, John Brown, 1800–1859: A Biography Fifty Years After (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1910), 366–67, 373–78; Thomas Goodrich, War to the Knife: Bleeding Kansas, 1854–1861 (Lincoln: University Press of Nebraska, 2004), 225.

50. Frederick Douglass, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, Written by Himself (New York: Pathway Press, 1941), 249–51, 352–53.

51. Merrill D. Peterson, John Brown: The Legend Revisited (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2002), 6–7, 11; John Stauffer, The Black Hearts of Men: Radical Abolitionists and the Transformation of Race (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001), 258.

52. Reynolds, John Brown: Abolitionist, 309–28.

53. David W. Blight, Frederick Douglass’ Civil War: Keeping Faith in Jubilee (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1989), 97; Reynolds, John Brown, Abolitionist, 354.

54. Brian McGinty, John Brown’s Trial (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009), 257.

55. Clarence L. Mohr, On the Threshold of Freedom: Masters and Slaves in Civil War Georgia (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1986), 7; Malcolm C. McMillan, The Disintegration of a Confederate State: Three Governors and Alabama’s Wartime Home Front, 1861–1865 (Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 1986), 11; Simpson, A Good Southerner, 211–12.

56. Dabney, Life and Campaigns of Lieut.-Gen. Thomas J. Jackson (New York: Blelock, 1866), 144.

57. Garrison, “Speech of William Lloyd Garrison,” December 16, 1859, in Documents of Upheaval, 265–66.

58. William C. Davis, Jefferson Davis: The Man and His Hour, a Biography (New York: HarperCollins, 1991), 268; Davis, “Relations of the States,” February 2, 1860, Congressional Globe, 36th Congress, 1st session, 658.

59. J. P. Benjamin, Defence of the National Democracy Against the Attack of Judge Douglas (Washington, DC: National Democratic Executive Committee, 1860), 13–14.

60. “The Washington Abortion,” in Southern Editorials on Secession, 111.

61. Jeter Allen Isely, Horace Greeley and the Republican Party, 1853–1861: A Study of the New York Tribune (New York: Octagon Books, 1965), 266; Philip S. Paludan, The Presidency of Abraham Lincoln (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1994), 15.

62. “From Illinois,” National Era, November 18, 1858; Ida M. Tarbell, The Life of Abraham Lincoln (New York: McClure, Phillips, 1904), 1:322.

63. Lincoln, “Address at Cooper Institute, New York City,” in Collected Works, 3:534, 549–50.

64. Ibid.; John A. Corry, Lincoln at Cooper Union: The Speech That Made Him President (New York: XLibris, 2003), 99–110; John Channing Briggs, Lincoln’s Speeches Reconsidered (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005), 241–50.

65. Colfax to C. H. Ray, May 28, 1860, The Oliver Barrett Lincoln Collection (New York, 1952), 99.

66. Robert W. Johannsen, Lincoln, the South and Slavery: The Political Dimension (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1991), 104, 112; Dallas, diary entry for June 2, 1860, in Diary of George Mifflin Dallas: While United States Minister to Russia 1837 to 1839 and to England 1856 to 1861, ed. Susan Dallas (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1892), 403.

67. Tribune Almanac for 1861 (New York: New York Tribune, 1861), 64.

68. Strong, diary entry for November 17, 1861, in The Diary of George Templeton Strong, 1860–1865, ed. Allan Nevins (New York: Macmillan, 1962), 63; William C. Harris, Lincoln’s Rise to the Presidency (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2007), 253; Freehling, The Road to Disunion: Secessionists Triumphant, 398–99; Yates Snowden, History of South Carolina (Chicago: Lewis, 1920), 2:659.

69. Richards, The Slave Power, 91–94.

70. David Clopton to William Burton, in Charles B. Dew, Apostles of Disunion: Southern Secession Commissioners and the Causes of the Civil War (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2001), 57–58; “Joseph E. Brown’s Secessionist Public Letter, December 7 [1860], from Milledgeville,” in Secession Debated: Georgia’s Showdown in 1860, 148–49; J. Randolph Tucker, “The Great Issue: Our Relations to It,” Southern Literary Messenger 32 (March 1861): 174.

71. Lincoln, “Passage Written for Lyman Trumbull’s Speech at Springfield, Illinois,” November 20, 1860, and “To Alexander H. Stephens,” December 22, 1860, in Collected Works, 4:142–43, 160; Harold Holzer, Lincoln, President-Elect: Abraham Lincoln and the Great Secession Winter, 1860–1861 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2008), 177–79.

72. Lincoln, “To William Kellogg,” December 11, 1860, and “To John D. Defrees,” December 18, 1860, in Collected Works, 4:150,