Fateful Lightning: A New History of the Civil War & Reconstruction by Allen Guelzo (icecream ebook reader txt) 📗

93. Rose, Rehearsal for Reconstruction, 306.

94. Douglass, “The Fall of Sumter,” Douglass’ Monthly, May 1861.

95. “The Civil War Letters of Quartermaster Sergeant John C. Brock, 43rd Regiment, United States Colored Troops,” ed. Eric Ledell Smith, in Making and Unmaking Pennsylvania’s Civil War, ed. William Blair and William Pencak (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2001), 143; James G. Hollandsworth, The Louisiana Native Guards: The Black Military Experience During the Civil War (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1995), 12–15; Versalle F. Washington, Eagles on Their Buttons: A Black Infantry Regiment in the Civil War (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1999), 2–3; Jimerson, The Private Civil War, 92, 93.

96. “The Black Military Experience, 1861–1867,” in Ira Berlin et al., Slaves No More: Three Essays on Emancipation and the Civil War (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 199.

97. Jimerson, The Private Civil War, 106; Lincoln, “To Andrew Johnson,” March 26, 1863, in Collected Works, 6:149–50.

98. Lincoln, “To James Wadsworth,” January 1864, in Collected Works, 7:100.

1. Mark Twain, Life on the Mississippi (New York: Harper & Bros., 1901), 1, 31; W. H. Russell, My Diary North and South, 139, 161.

2. Dan Elbert Clark, The Middle West in American History (New York: Thomas Crowell, 1966 [1937]), 107; Louis C. Hunter, Steamboats on the Western Rivers: An Economic and Technological History (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1949), 22–33.

3. Paul Johnson, The Birth of the Modern: World Society, 1815–1830 (New York: HarperCollins, 1991), 195–96; The American Almanac and Repository of Useful Knowledge for the Year 1859, 169, 214; Russell, My Diary North and South, 137.

4. Daniel Walker Howe, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), 562–69; Maury Klein, Unfinished Business: The Railroad in American Life (Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1994), 11.

5. “Hurd et al v. Rock Island Bridge Company,” in The Papers of Abraham Lincoln: Legal Documents and Cases, ed. Daniel W. Stowell et al. (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2007), 3:308–83.

6. Lincoln, “To Orville H. Browning,” September 22, 1861, in Collected Works, 4:532.

7. Christopher Phillips, Missouri’s Confederate: Claiborne Fox Jackson and the Creation of Southern Identity in the Border West (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2000), 235.

8. Thomas L. Snead, The Fight for Missouri: From the Election of Lincoln to the Death of Lyon (New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1888), 21–22, 65–66, 88, 122–23, 163, 170–71; Louis S. Gerteis, Civil War St. Louis (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2001), 97–125.

9. “Mr. Dixon’s Speech” and “Governor Magoffin’s Proclamation,” in The Rebellion Record: A Diary of American Events, ed. Frank Moore (New York: G. P. Putnam, 1862), 1:76, 264–65; Elizabeth Leonard, Lincoln’s Forgotten Ally: Judge Advocate General Joseph Holt of Kentucky (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011), 138; Davis, in Recollected Words of Abraham Lincoln, 133; Hesseltine, Lincoln and the War Governors, 209–10.

10. “Addresses of the Convention of the Border States,” in Rebellion Record, ed. Moore, 1:352.

11. Steven E. Woodworth, “The Indeterminate Qualities: Jefferson Davis, Leonidas Polk, and the End of Kentucky Neutrality, September 1861,” Civil War History 38 (December 1992): 289–97.

12. McClellan to Buell, January 6, 1862, in The Civil War Papers of George B. McClellan, 148; R. M. Kelly, “Holding Kentucky for the Union,” in Battles and Leaders, 1:387–92; Thomas L. Connolly, Army of the Heartland: The Army of Tennessee, 1861–1862 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1967), 96–98.

13. John F. Marszalek, Commander of All Lincoln’s Armies: A Life of General Henry W. Halleck (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004), 48–82, 109; William T. Sherman, Memoirs of General W. T. Sherman, ed. Charles Royster (New York: Library of America, 1990), 274; The Military Memoirs of General John Pope, ed. Peter Cozzens and R. I. Girardi (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998), 13.

14. Halleck to McClellan, January 20, 1862, in The War of the Rebellion, Series One, 8:509.

15. “On Floating Batteries: A Lecture Given by Capt. Fishbourne, R.N., on Monday 19 April 1858,” United Services Institute Journal 2 (1858); “The Grand Review—The Fleet at Spithead,” News of the World, April 27, 1856; D. K. Brown, Warrior to Dreadnought: Warship Development, 1860–1905 (London: Chatham, 1997), 11–13.

16. Grant, “Personal Memoirs,” in Memoirs and Selected Letters, ed. M. D. McFeely and W. S. McFeely (New York: Library of America, 1990), 142, 144–45; Joan Waugh, U. S. Grant: American Hero, American Myth (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009), 45.

17. Grant, “Personal Memoirs,” 142, 158.

18. Manning Ferguson Force, From Fort Henry to Corinth (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1881), 28, 30–31; Benjamin Franklin Cooling, Forts Henry and Donelson: The Key to the Confederate Heartland (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1987), 101–8; “Attack on Fort Henry,” February 6, 1862, in War of the Rebellion, 7:133–35; Ron Field, American Civil War Fortifications, vol. 3: The Mississippi and River Forts (Oxford: Osprey, 2007), 14.

19. “Capture of Fort Donelson, Tennessee,” in War of the Rebellion, 7:157–253; Field, American Civil War Fortifications, 14; Kendall D. Gott, Where the South Lost the War: An Analysis of the Fort Henry-Fort Donelson Campaign, February, 1862 (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole, 2003), 256–58; Spencer C. Tucker, Unconditional Surrender: The Capture of Forts Henry and Donelson (Abilene, TX: McWhiney Foundation Press, 2001), 84–95.

20. Grant to Buckner, February 16, 1862, in War of the Rebellion, 7:161.

21. Grant, “Personal Memoirs,” 166.

22. Orlando Figes, Crimea: The Last Crusade (London: Allen Lane, 2010), 355–56; Michael Howard, The Franco-Prussian War (London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1961), 2; Richard Brooks, Solferino 1859: The Battle for Italy’s Freedom (Oxford: Osprey, 2009), 23, 25; Michael I. Handel, War, Strategy, and Intelligence (Totowa, NJ: F. Cass, 1989), 57; Alexander William Kinglake, The Invasion of the Crimea, Its Origin and an Account of Its Progress down to the Death of Lord Raglan: The Winter Troubles (Edinburgh: W. Blackwood, 1880), 384–85.

23. John Hill Brinton, Personal Memoirs of John H. Brinton, Major and Surgeon, U.S.V., 1861–1865 (New York: Neale, 1914), 239.

24. Waugh, U. S. Grant, 53; Howes, The Catalytic Wars, 574–76.

25. John Keegan, The Mask of Command (New York: Viking, 1987), 187–94, 210–11; Grant, “Personal Memoirs,” 160–61; Gary W.