Fateful Lightning: A New History of the Civil War & Reconstruction by Allen Guelzo (icecream ebook reader txt) 📗

26. Grant to Julia Dent Grant, March 21, 1862, in The Papers of Ulysses Simpson Grant, ed. John Y. Simon (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1972), 4:406; Grant, “Personal Memoirs,” 214.

27. Albert Castel, Articles of War: Winners, Losers, and Some Who Were Both in the Civil War (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole, 2001), 142; Charles P. Roland, Albert Sidney Johnston: Soldier of Three Republics (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2001 [1964]), 347.

28. Brownlow, Sketches of the Rise, Progress, and Decline of Secession, 388–89.

29. Halleck to McClellan, February 17, 1862, in War of the Rebellion, 7:628; Stephen D. Engle, Struggle for the Heartland: The Campaigns from Fort Henry to Corinth (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2001), 83.

30. James Lee McDonough, Shiloh—in Hell Before Night (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1977), 52.

31. William Preston Johnston, The Life of Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston, Embracing His Services in the Armies of the United States, the Republic of Texas, and the Confederate States (New York: D. Appleton, 1879), 569.

32. Force, Fort Henry to Corinth, 144, 146; Whitelaw Reid, “The Battle of Pittsburgh Landing, Tennessee,” April 19, 1862, in A Radical View: The “Agate” Dispatches of Whitelaw Reid, 1861–1865, ed. J. G. Smart (Memphis, TN: Memphis State University Press, 1976), 1:130–31, 133; Timothy B. Smith, The Untold Story of Shiloh: The Battle and the Battlefield (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2006), 24, 48; Grant, “Personal Memoirs,” 239; Kenneth P. Williams, Grant Rises in the West: The First Year, 1861–1862, ed. Mark Grimsley (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997 [1952]), 371–73.

33. John Russell Young, Men and Memories: Personal Reminiscences, ed. M. D. R. Young (New York: F. Tennyson Neely, 1901), 2:474; Larry J. Daniel, Shiloh: The Battle That Changed the Civil War (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1997), 266; Bruce Catton, Grant Moves South (Boston: Little, Brown, 1960), 242.

34. Melville, “Shiloh, A Requiem,” in Selected Poems of Herman Melville, ed. Robert Penn Warren (Jaffrey, NH: Nonpareil, 2004), 122.

35. Bierce, “What I Saw of Shiloh,” in Shadows of Blue and Gray: The Civil War Writings of Ambrose Bierce, ed. B. M. Thomsen (New York: Forge, 2002), 212.

36. Grant, “Personal Memoirs,” 246; Grant, “The Battle of Shiloh,” in Battles and Leaders, 2:485–86.

37. Military Memoirs of General John Pope, 79; Grady McWhiney, Braxton Bragg and Confederate Defeat, vol. 1: Field Command (New York: Columbia University Press, 1969), 265, 267–68.

38. Military Memoirs of General John Pope, 100; Stephen D. Engle, Don Carlos Buell: Most Promising of All (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999), 300.

39. Sherman, Memoirs, 276; Military Memoirs of General John Pope, 75; Carl R. Schenker, “Ulysses in His Tent: Halleck, Grant, Sherman, and ‘The Turning Point of the War,’” Civil War History 56 (June 2010): 175–221.

40. Alfred Thayer Mahan, The Gulf and the Inland Waters (New York: Scribner, 1883), 73–88.

41. Pollard, Southern History of the War (New York: C. B. Richardson, 1866), 1:326–27.

42. Michael B. Ballard, Vicksburg: The Campaign That Opened the Mississippi (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004), 121–26, 129–44.

43. William L. Shea and Terrence J. Winschel, Vicksburg Is the Key: The Struggle for the Mississippi River (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2003), 98–99.

44. Edward Gregory, “The Siege of Vicksburg,” in The Annals of the War Written by Leading Participants (Philadelphia: Times Publishing, 1879), 133.

45. Lincoln, “To Eliza P. Gurney,” October 26, 1862, in Collected Works, 5:478; Isaac N. Arnold, The Life of Abraham Lincoln (Chicago: Jansen, McClurg, 1885), 81; William J. Wolf, The Almost Chosen People: A Study of the Religion of Abraham Lincoln (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1959), 36–37, 77–78, 147.

46. Carpenter, Six Months at the White House with Abraham Lincoln, 62–63, 65–67; Charles G. Halpine, in Recollected Words, 194.

47. Elizabeth Keckley, Behind the Scenes, or, Thirty Years a Slave and Four Years in the White House (New York: G. W. Carleton, 1868), 103; Brooks, Lincoln Observed, 43; Browning, in An Oral History of Abraham Lincoln, 3.

48. Montgomery Meigs, in Russell F. Weigley, Quartermaster General of the Union Army: A Biography of M. C. Meigs (New York: Columbia University Press, 1959), 131; J. G. Randall, Lincoln the President (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1945), 2:241; Strong, diary entry for September 13, 1862, in Diary of George Templeton Strong, 256.

49. Robert Lincoln to Isaac Markens, February 13 and June 18, 1918, in A Portrait of Abraham Lincoln in Letters by His Oldest Son, ed. Paul Angle (Chicago: Chicago Historical Society, 1968), 56, 62.

50. Washburne, in William C. Harris, Lincoln’s Rise to the Presidency (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2007), 318; Hans L. Trefousse, Benjamin Franklin Wade: Radical Republican from Ohio (New York: Twayne, 1963), 154, 167; Louis A. Warren, Lincoln’s Gettysburg Declaration: “A New Birth of Freedom” (Ft. Wayne, IN: Lincoln National Life Foundation, 1964), 48; Mark DeWolfe Howe, The Life and Letters of George Bancroft (New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1908), 2:132.

51. David Donald, “Abraham Lincoln: A Whig in the White House,” in Lincoln Reconsidered: Essays on the Civil War Era (New York: Knopf, 1956), 187–208; John Pendleton Kennedy, “A Defence of the Whigs,” in Political and Official Papers (New York: Putnam, 1872), 320–21; Lincoln, “Speech at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,” February 15, 1861, in Collected Works, 214–15.

52. Swett to Lincoln, January 5, 8, and 19, 1861, and Thurlow Weed to Swett, January 20, 1861, in Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress; John Hay, “Letter to William H. Herndon, Paris,” September 5, 1866, in At Lincoln’s Side: John Hay’s Civil War Correspondence and Selected Writings, ed. Michael Burlingame (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 110.

53. Benjamin Wade, “Confiscation of Rebel Property,” July 16, 1862, “Confiscation and Emancipation,” July 16, 1862, “Confiscation,” July 17, 1862, in Congressional Globe, 37th Congress, 2nd Session, 3375, 3400, 3406.

54. Robert Bruce Warden, An Account of the Private Life and Public Services of Salmon Portland Chase (Cincinnati: Wilstach, Baldwin, 1874), 484; John Hay, “To John G. Nicolay,” September 11, 1863, in At Lincoln’s Side, 54.

55. Allan G. Bogue, The Congressman’s Civil War (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989), 44–59, 63, 74–88, 114, 118,