Fateful Lightning: A New History of the Civil War & Reconstruction by Allen Guelzo (icecream ebook reader txt) 📗

1978), 41, 50, 62, 76; Carwardine, Evangelicals and Politics in Antebellum America, 99–103, 286–90, 307.

87. Hollis Read, The Coming Crisis of the World, or, The Great Battle and the Golden Age (Columbus, OH: Follett, Foster, 1861), 242.

88. Mark A. Noll, The Civil War as a Theological Crisis (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006), 44–45.

89. Strong, diary entry for November 5, 1862, in Diary of the Civil War, 272.

90. Drew G. Faust, “Christian Soldiers: The Meaning of Revivalism in the Confederate Army,” Journal of Southern History 53 (February 1987): 73–75; Morton Borden, “The Christian Amendment,” Civil War History 25 (June 1979): 160.

91. Charles Grandison Finney, sermon outline, 1863, in Finney Papers, Oberlin College Archives.

92. Edward King Wightman, From Antietam to Fort Fisher: The Civil War Letters of Edward King Wightman, 1862–1865, ed. E. G. Longacre (Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1985), 56; Robertson, Soldiers Blue and Gray, 227; Linderman, Embattled Courage, 128.

93. Anne Rose, Victorian America and the Civil War (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 17–66.

1. William F. Hanna, “The Boston Draft Riot,” Civil War History 36 (September 1990): 262–73.

2. William P. Marchione, Boston Miscellany: An Essential History of the Hub (Charleston, SC: History Press, 2008), 110–11.

3. Judith Ann Giesberg, “‘Lawless and Unprincipled’: Women in Boston’s Civil War Draft Riot,” in Boston’s Histories: Essays in Honor of Thomas H. O’Connor, ed. James O’Toole and David Quigley (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 2004), 72.

4. Hesseltine, Lincoln and the War Governors, 304–6.

5. Giesberg, “‘Lawless and Unprincipled,’” 71–76.

6. William Schouler, A History of Massachusetts in the Civil War (Boston: E. P. Dutton, 1868), 1:476–80; Robert D. Richardson, William James: In the Maelstrom of American Modernism, A Biography (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2007), 55.

7. Grant to Dana, August 5, 1863, and Grant to Halleck, January 19, 1864, in The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, 9:146–147 and 10:39–40; Grant to Halleck, December 7, 1863, The War of the Rebellion, Series One, 31(III):349–50; Stoker, The Grand Design, 344–49; Catton, Grant Takes Command, 101–2.

8. Halleck to Grant, January 8 and February 16, 1864, and C. H. Dana to Grant, January 10, 1864, in War of the Rebellion, Series One, 32(II):40–42, 58, 311, 313; Gary D. Joiner, Through the Howling Wilderness: The 1864 Red River Campaign and Union Failure in the West (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2006), 48–51; Ludwell H. Johnson, Red River Campaign: Politics and Cotton in the Civil War (Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1993 [1958]), 42–44.

9. Halleck to Grant, March 6, 1864, in War of the Rebellion, Series One, 32(III):26. Winfield Scott had enjoyed the brevet rank of lieutenant-general, but brevets were little more than honorary designations; Grant was the first to be designated as a full lieutenant-general since Washington.

10. “Lieutenant General,” February 24, 1864, Congressional Globe, 38th Congress, 1st Session, 797–98.

11. Grant to Dana, August 5, 1863, in Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, 9:147.

12. Jean Edward Smith, Grant (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2001), 292; James H. Wilson, The Life of John A. Rawlins (New York: Neale, 1916), 407; Hattaway and Jones, How the North Won, 517.

13. Theodore Lyman, April 12, 1864, in Meade’s Headquarters, 81; Civil War Letters of George Washington Whitman, 114; William S. McFeely, Grant: A Biography (New York: W. W. Norton, 1981), 159.

14. Wilkeson, Recollections of a Private Soldier, 36–37.

15. Brooks D. Simpson, Let Us Have Peace: Ulysses S. Grant and the Politics of War and Reconstruction, 1861–1868 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991), 63–64; Grimsley, And Keep Moving On, 21–22.

16. Stoker, The Grand Design, 351–54; Edward G. Longacre, General Ulysses S. Grant: The Soldier and the Man (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2006), 212–16; John Hay, diary entry for April 30, 1864, in Inside Lincoln’s White House, 194.

17. “Report of Lieut. Gen. U.S. Grant, U. S. Army, Commanding, Armies of the United States, of Operations, March, 1864–May, 1865,” July 22, 1865, in War of the Rebellion, Series One, 34(I):18; “Lee’s Offensive Policy,” Southern Historical Society Papers 9 (March 1881): 137; Nolan, Lee Considered, 85.

18. Hagerman, The American Civil War and The Origins of Modern Warfare, 248; Grimsley, And Keep Moving On, 21–22; Andrew A. Humphreys, The Virginia Campaign of ’64 and ’65: The Army of the Potomac and the Army of the James (New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1883), 19; Longacre, General Ulysses S. Grant, 220.

19. Gordon C. Rhea, The Battle of the Wilderness May 5–6, 1864 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1994), 9; Lee to G. W. C. Lee, April 9, 1864, in The Wartime Papers of Robert E. Lee, 695–96.

20. McHenry Howard, Recollections of a Maryland Confederate Soldier and Staff Officer Under Johnston, Jackson, and Lee (Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1914), 253; Gary W. Gallagher, “The Army of Northern Virginia in May 1864: A Crisis of High Command,” Civil War History 36 (July 1990): 101–7; Gallagher, Lee and His Army in Confederate History (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001), 202; E. Porter Alexander, Military Memoirs of a Confederate: A Critical Narrative (New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1907), 360; Rhea, The Battle of the Wilderness, 24.

21. William Meade Dame, From the Rapidan to Richmond and the Spottsylvania Campaign: A Sketch in Personal Narrative of Scenes a Soldier Saw (Baltimore: Green-Lucas, 1920), 71–72.

22. Judson, History of the 83rd Pennsylvania Volunteers, 94; David M. Jordan, Winfield Scott Hancock: A Soldier’s Life (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988), 119.

23. J. Tracy Power, Lee’s Miserables: Life in the Army of Northern Virginia from the Wilderness to Appomattox (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998), 23; Robert K. Krick, “‘Lee to the Rear,’ the Texans Cried,” in The Wilderness Campaign, ed. Gary Gallagher (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997), 182.

24. Ulysses S. Grant, “Personal Memoirs,” 539.

25. Catton, Grant Takes Command, 208; Wilkeson, Recollections, 80.

26. Benjamin P. Thomas and Harold M. Hyman, Stanton: The Life and Times of Lincoln’s Secretary of War (New York: Knopf, 1962), 300; Hay, diary entry for May 9, 1864, in Inside Lincoln’s White House, 195; Grant, “Personal Memoirs,” 550–51.

27. Henry Walter Thomas, History of the Doles-Cook Brigade, Army of