Fateful Lightning: A New History of the Civil War & Reconstruction by Allen Guelzo (icecream ebook reader txt) 📗

48. Carl D. Park, Ironclad Down: USS Merrimack –CSS Virginia, from Construction to Destruction (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2007), 135–36, 142–43, 160; Raimondo Luraghi, A History of the Confederate Navy, trans. Paolo E. Coletta (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1996), 93–99.

49. Edward Shippen, “Pictures of Two Battles,” United States Service Magazine 4 (July 1865): 53.

50. Rodman L. Underwood, Stephen Russell Mallory: A Biography of the Confederate Navy Secretary and United States Senator (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2005), 97–98; Frank M. Bennett, The Monitor and the Navy Under Steam (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1900), 102–4; A. A. Hoehling, Thunder at Hampton Roads: The U.S.S. Monitor —Its Battle with the Merrimack and Its Recent Discovery (New York: Da Capo, 1993), 80.

51. John V. Quarstein, C.S.S. Virginia: Mistress of Hampton Roads (Appomattox, VA: H. E. Howard, 2000), 108.

52. William Chapman White and Ruth Morris White, Tin Can on a Shingle (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1957), 36.

53. Richard S. West, Gideon Welles: Lincoln’s Navy Department (Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1943), 150, 153; Gideon Welles, “The First Iron-Clad Monitor,” in Annals of the War, 20; Olav Thulesius, The Man Who Made the Monitor: A Biography of John Ericsson, Naval Engineer (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2007), 98; D. K. Brown, Warrior to Dreadnought: Warship Development, 1860–1905 (London: Chatham, 1997), 41; Quarstein, C.S.S. Virginia, 105.

54. “Report of Captain Van Brunt, U.S. Navy, Commanding U.S.S. Minnesota,” in The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies, Series One (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1880), 7:11; John Taylor Wood, “The First Fight of the Iron-Clads,” in Battles and Leaders, 1:702–3; Quarstein, C.S.S. Virginia, 115.

55. William N. Still, Iron Afloat: The Story of the Confederate Armorclads (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1985), 41–61.

56. William T. Glassell, “Reminiscences of Torpedo Service in Charleston Harbor,” Southern Historical Society Papers 4 (November 1877): 231–32; John Thomas Scharf, History of the Confederate States Navy: From Its Organization to the Surrender of Its Last Vessel (New York: Rogers and Sherwood, 1887), 759; Charles Ross, Trial by Fire: Science, Technology and the Civil War (Shippensburg, PA: White Mane, 2000), 83–106; Mark K. Ragan, Submarine Warfare in the Civil War (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2002), 187–210.

57. David W. Shaw, Sea Wolf of the Confederacy: The Daring Civil War Raids of Naval Lt. Charles W. Read (New York: Free Press, 2004), 56–57; Emma Martin Maffitt, The Life and Services of John Newland Maffitt (New York: Neale, 1906), 343.

58. Raphael Semmes, The Cruise of the Alabama and the Sumter from the Private Journals and Other Papers of Commander R. Semmes (London: Saunders, Otley, 1864), 1:257–62.

59. Warren F. Spencer, Raphael Semmes: The Philosophical Mariner (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1997), 112–36; Raphael Semmes, Memoirs of Service Afloat, During the War Between the States (Baltimore: Kelly, Piet, 1869), 344–45; Charles Grayson Summersell, CSS Alabama: Builder, Captain, and Plans (University: University of Alabama Press, 1985), 12, 72, 74, 78–90; John McIntosh Kell, “Cruise and Combats of the ‘Alabama,’” in Battles and Leaders, 4:600, 611.

60. Kenneth J. Blume, “The Flight from the Flag: The American Government, the British Caribbean, and the American Merchant Marine, 1861–1865,” Civil War History 32 (March 1986): 44–55; Brown, Warrior to Dreadnought, 18; H. H. Wilson, Ironclads in Action: A Sketch of Naval Warfare from 1855 to 1895 (London: S. Low, Marston, 1896), 168.

61. Wise, Lifeline of the Confederacy, 69–70.

62. Lt. Warneford, Running the Blockade (London: Ward and Lock, 1863), 1.

63. Thomas E. Taylor, Running the Blockade: A Personal Narrative of Adventures, Risks, and Escapes During the American Civil War (London: J. Murray, 1896), 18. Robert B. Ekelund Jr. and Mark Thornton dubbed this trend “the Rhett Butler effect,” after the self-centered blockade-running hero of Margaret Mitchell’s Gone with the Wind; see their “The Union Blockade and Demoralization of the South: Relative Prices in the Confederacy,” Social Science Quarterly 73 (December 1992): 891–900.

64. “An Act to Prohibit the Importation of Luxuries, or of Articles Not Necessaries or of Common Use,” February 6, 1864, in Public Laws of the Confederate States of America, Passed at the Fourth Session of the First Congress, 1863–4, ed. James M. Mathews (Richmond: R. M. Smith, 1864), 179.

65. Wise, Lifeline of the Confederacy, 221; Joseph McKenna, British Ships in the Confederate Navy (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2010), 210, 213.

66. Lance Edwin Davis and Stanley L. Engerman, Naval Blockades in Peace and War: An Economic History Since 1750 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 146; David G. Surdam, Northern Naval Superiority and the Economics of the American Civil War (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2001), 5–6, 155.

67. Paul P. Van Riper and Keith A. Sutherland, “The Northern Civil Service: 1861–1865,” Civil War History 11 (December 1965): 351; Weigley, Quartermaster General of the Union Army, 224; Elizabeth M. Geffen, “Industrial Development and Social Crisis, 1841–1854” and Russell F. Weigley, “The Border City in the Civil War, 1854–1865,” in Philadelphia: A 300-Year History, ed. Russell F. Weigley (New York: W. W. Norton, 1982), 317, 373; Ernest A. McKay, The Civil War and New York City (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1990), 217.

68. Olmsted to H. W. Bellows, September 29, 1861, and to Oliver Wolcott Gibbs, January 31, 1863, in The Papers of Frederick Law Olmsted: Volume IV, Defending the Union, ed. Jane Turner Censer (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986), 210, 505.

69. The Military Memoirs of General John Pope, 115; George S. Bryan, The Great American Myth (New York: Carrick and Evans, 1940), 129–30.

70. Fletcher Pratt, Stanton, Lincoln’s Secretary of War (New York: Norton, 1953), 62.

71. Benjamin P. Thomas and Harold Hyman, Stanton: The Life and Times of Lincoln’s Secretary of War (New York: Knopf, 1962), 63–66, 141–68; Ethan Rafuse, McClellan’s War: The Failure of Moderation in the Struggle for the Union (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2005), 177; A. Howard Meneely, The War Department, 1861: A Study in Mobilization and Administration (New York: Columbia University Press, 1928), 318.

72. Charles A. Dana, Recollections of the Civil War with the Leaders at