Fateful Lightning: A New History of the Civil War & Reconstruction by Allen Guelzo (icecream ebook reader txt) 📗

73. Hagerman, The American Civil War and the Origins of Modern Warfare, 45; Weigley, Quartermaster General of the Union Army, 234–35, 268–69; “Interrogatories to Edwin D. Morgan,” in Documents of the Assembly of the State of New York, Eighty-Fifth Session, 1862 (Albany, NY: Charles van Benthuysen, 1862), 2:168–69.

74. Mark R. Wilson, The Business of War: Military Mobilization and the State, 1861–1865 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006), 12–13, 78.

75. Weigley, Quartermaster General of the Union Army, 317, 358; Hattaway and Jones, How the North Won, 120–24.

76. Bruce, Lincoln and the Tools of War, 48–49, 61, 252.

77. Paludan, “A People’s Contest,” 141–43; Wilson, The Business of Civil War, 135; Robert G. Angevine, The Railroad and the State: War, Politics and Technology in Nineteenth-Century America (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2004), 130–39; John Elwood Clark, Railroads in the Civil War: The Impact of Management on Victory and Defeat (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001), 35–36; Thomas Weber, The Northern Railroads in the Civil War (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999 [1952]), 102–3.

78. Davis, “To the Speaker of the House of Representatives,” March 4, 1862, in Messages and Papers of Jefferson Davis and the Confederacy, Including Diplomatic Correspondence, 1861–1865, ed. J. D. Richardson, A. Nevins, and W. J. Cooper (Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 2001), 1:194–95; Frank E. Vandiver, Ploughshares into Swords: Josiah Gorgas and Confederate Ordnance (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1952), 60.

79. Robert C. Black, The Railroads of the Confederacy (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1952, 1998), 9–15, 58–59.

80. Harold S. Wilson, “Virginia’s Industry and the Conduct of the War in 1862,” in Virginia at War, 1862, ed. William C. Davis and James I. Robertson (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2007), 23.

81. “Reports of Gen. G. T. Beauregard, C. S. Army, and Resulting Correspondence,” August 4, 1861, in War of the Rebellion, 2:508; Harold S. Wilson, Confederate Industry: Manufacturers and Quartermasters in the Civil War (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2002), 24, 35; Thomas D. Arliskas, Cadet Gray and Butternut Brown: Notes on Confederate Uniforms (Gettysburg: Thomas, 2006), 8–9, 43, 54, 60.

82. Jeremy P. Felt, “Lucius B. Northrop and the Confederacy’s Subsistence Department,” Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 69 (April 1961): 182, 185–86, 188; Richard D. Goff, Confederate Supply (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1969), 51, 65–66; Chestnut, Mary Chestnut’s Civil War, 124.

83. Northrop to James A. Seddon (December 12, 1864), in Official Records, series four, 3:932; Eaton, A History of the Southern Confederacy, 143; Goff, Confederate Supply, 156.

84. Owsley, King Cotton Diplomacy, 290.

85. Frank E. Vandiver, Their Tattered Flags: The Epic of the Confederacy (New York: Harper’s Magazine Press, 1970), 240–42; Vandiver, Ploughshares into Swords, 61, 77; Bayne, “A Sketch of the Life of General Josiah Gorgas, Chief of Ordnance of the Confederate States,” Southern Historical Society Papers 13 (January–December 1885), 222; Gorgas, diary entry for April 8, 1864, in The Journals of Josiah Gorgas 1857–1878, ed. Sarah Woolfolk Wiggins (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1995), 98; Ross, Trial by Fire, 54–80.

86. Hattaway and Jones, How the North Won, 121.

87. “Secret Session” (April 6, 1863), in Journal of the Congress of the Confederate States of America, 1861–1865 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1904), 3:250; Raimondo Luraghi, The Rise and Fall of the Plantation South (New York: New Viewpoints, 1978), 123; John Majewski, Modernizing a Slave Economy: The Economic Vision of the Confederate Nation (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009), 7; Michael Brem Bonner, “Expedient Corporatism and Confederate Political Economy,” Civil War History 56 (March 2010): 48–53.

88. Richard E. Beringer, Herman Hattaway, Archer Jones, and William Still, Why the South Lost the Civil War (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1986), 213–21; Wilson, Confederate Industry, 38, 54, 64, 88, 116; Goff, Confederate Supply, 143.

89. “Open Session,” March 19, 1862, in Journal of the Congress of the Confederate States of America (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1904), 5:122; Mary A. DeCredico, Patriotism for Profit: Georgia’s Urban Entrepreneurs and the Confederate War Effort (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1990), 76–90; Bonner, “Expedient Corporatism,” 57–61; Charles W. Ramsdell, “The Confederate Government and the Railroads,” American Historical Review 22 (July 1917): 796, 800, 805–6, 809–10.

90. George E. Turner, Victory Rode the Rails: The Strategic Place of the Railroads in the Civil War (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1953), 172; Jeffrey N. Lash, Destroyer of the Iron Horse: General Joseph E. Johnston and Confederate Rail Transport, 1861–1865 (Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1991), 186; Goff, Confederate Supply, 107–11, 195–99, 247; Charles W. Turner, “The Virginia Central Railroad at War, 1861–1865,” Journal of Southern History 12 (November 1946): 511.

1. “Richmond’s Bread Riot—Jefferson Davis Describes a Wartime Incident,” New York Times, April 30, 1889; “Reported Bread Riot at Richmond,” Harper’s Weekly, April 18, 1863, 243; Emory Thomas, “Wartime Richmond,” Civil War Times Illustrated 16 (June 1977): 33–34.

2. Stephanie McCurry, “Bread or Blood!” Civil War Times 49 (June 2011): 37–41.

3. Michael B. Chesson, “Harlots or Heroines? A New Look at the Richmond Bread Riot,” Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 92 (April 1984): 131–75.

4. “Soldiers’ Wives” to Vance, March 21, 1863, in The Papers of Zebulon Baird Vance, 2:92; “The Bread Riot in Mobile,” New York Times, October 1, 1863; “Another Bread Riot,” Harper’s Weekly, October 10, 1863.

5. Emory Thomas, The Confederate Nation, 1861–1865 (New York: Harper & Row, 1979), 204.

6. William Marvel, Burnside (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991), 5, 11–12, 14–15, 50–61, 99–100, 159–60.

7. Ethan Rafuse, Antietam, South Mountain and Harpers Ferry: A Battlefield Guide (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2008), 101–6; Ethan S. Rafuse, “‘Poor Burn’? The Antietam Conspiracy That Wasn’t,” Civil War History 54 (June 2008): 169–73.

8. Frank A. O’Reilly, The Fredericksburg Campaign: Winter War on the Rappahannock (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2003), 49.

9. George C. Rable, Fredericksburg! Fredericksburg! (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002), 81, 87–88; E. J. Stackpole, The Fredericksburg Campaign: Drama on the Rappahannock (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole, 1991 [1957]), 84–87.

10. William B. Franklin, “The Battle of Fredericksburg,” in The Rebellion Record: